I. Intshayelelo
Intshayelelo
Isicatshulwa segqabi leGinkgosisithako esisebenzayo sendalo esithathwe kumagqabi eginkgo. Izinto eziphambili ezikuyo zii-flavonoids kunye ne-ginkgo lactones. Sisithako esithile se-PAF (i-platelet-activating factor, i-platelet-activating factor) receptor antagonist. Imisebenzi yayo yezonyango ibandakanya: ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kobuchopho kunye ne-metabolism yeseli; ukwandisa umsebenzi we-red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), kunye nokunciphisa i-cell membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). ukuvelisa, ukususa ii-free radicals, ukuthintela umonakalo kwi-cardiomyocytes kunye nee-vascular endothelial cells; ukuthintela ngokukhethekileyo ukuhlanganiswa kweplatelet, i-micro thrombosis, kunye neengxaki ze-lipid metabolism ezibangelwa yi-platelet PAF; ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kwentliziyo kunye nokukhusela i-ischemic myocardium; Ukwandisa ukukhubazeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, kunye nokuphelisa iingxaki ze-microcirculatory; ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwe-thromboxane (TXA2) kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-prostaglandin PGI2 kwiiseli ze-vascular endothelial.
Umthombo wezityalo
I-Ginkgo biloba ligqabi le-Ginkgo biloba L., isityalo sosapho lwe-Ginkgo. I-extract yayo (EGB) inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezempilo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni nakwizinto zokuthambisa. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zamagqabi e-Ginkgo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kwaye kukho iikhompawundi ezingaphezu kwe-140 ezithathwe kuyo. Ii-Flavonoids kunye ne-terpene lactones zezona zithako zimbini ziphambili ezisebenzayo zamagqabi e-Ginkgo. Ukongeza, ikwaqulathe i-polyprenol, ii-organic acids, ii-polysaccharides, ii-amino acids, ii-phenols, kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, i-extract yamagqabi e-ginkgo esemgangathweni yamazwe ngamazwe yi-EGb761 eveliswa ngokwenkqubo yaseJamani enelungelo lobunikazi iSchwabe. Ibonakala njengomgubo omdaka-mthubi kwaye inevumba elincinci legqabi le-ginkgo. Ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali yi-24% ye-flavonoids, i-6% ye-terpene lactones, i-ginkgo acid engaphantsi kwe-0.0005%, i-7.0% ye-proanthocyanidins, i-13.0% ye-carboxylic acids, i-2.0% yee-catechins, i-20% ye-non-flavonoid glycosides, kunye ne-4.0 polymer compounds. %, izinto ezingaphiliyo 5.0%, i-moisture solvent 3.0%, ezinye i-3.0%.
Iimpawu ze-Antioxidant kunye neMechanism
I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokususa ngokuthe ngqo ii-lipid free radicals, ii-lipid peroxidation free radicals, i-alkane free radicals, njl.njl., kwaye igqibe uchungechunge lwe-free radical chain reaction. Kwangaxeshanye, inokulawula nokuphucula umsebenzi wee-enzymes ze-antioxidant ezifana ne-superoxide dismutase kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase. Isiphumo se-antioxidant se-flavonoids kwi-EGB sidlula eso seevithamini, kwaye ineempawu zokuhlasela ze-anti-free radicals kwi-vitro.
Iziphumo ze-antioxidant ze-ginkgo extracts ezikhutshwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile, kwaye iziphumo ze-antioxidant ze-crude extracts kunye neemveliso ezicociweyo nazo zahlukile. UMa Xihan nabanye bafumanise ukuba i-petroleum ether-ethanol extract yayinefuthe elinamandla le-antioxidant kwi-rapeseed oil xa ithelekiswa ne-Ginkgo leaf extracts ezifunyenwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Umthamo we-antioxidant we-crude Ginkgo leaf extract wawuphezulu kancinci kunowe-cured extract. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa ye-crude. I-crude extract iqulethe ezinye izithako ze-antioxidant, ezifana nee-organic acids, ii-amino acids, ii-tannins, ii-alkaloids, kunye nezinye izinto ezineempembelelo ze-synergistic.
Indlela Yokulungiselela
(1) Indlela yokukhupha i-organic solvent Okwangoku, indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe yindlela yokukhupha i-organic solvent. Ekubeni ezinye i-organic solvents zinobuthi okanye ziguquguqukayo, i-ethanol isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-extraction agent. Uvavanyo lukaZhang Yonghong nabanye lubonise ukuba iimeko ezilungileyo zokukhupha i-flavonoids kumagqabi e-ginkgo yi-70% ye-ethanol njengesisombululo sokukhupha, ubushushu bokukhupha yi-90°C, umlinganiselo we-solid-liquid yi-1:20, inani le-extractions liphindwe kathathu, kwaye ixesha ngalinye liphinda libuyele kwi-1.5 iiyure.
(2) Indlela yokukhupha i-enzyme Uvavanyo lukaWang Hui nabanye lubonise ukuba isivuno se-flavonoids iyonke sanda kakhulu emva kokuba izinto eziluhlaza zegqabi le-ginkgo ziphathwe nge-cellulase kwaye zikhutshwe, kwaye isivuno sinokufikelela kwi-2.01%.
(3) Indlela yokukhupha i-Ultrasonic Emva konyango lwe-ultrasound lwamagqabi e-ginkgo, i-membrane yeseli iye yaphuka, kwaye ukuhamba kwamasuntswana amagqabi kuye kwakhawuleziswa, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukunyibilika kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ke ngoko, ukukhupha i-flavonoids nge-ultrasonic kuneenzuzo ezinkulu. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezifunyenwe nguLiu Jingzhi et al. zibonisa ukuba iimeko zenkqubo yokukhupha i-ultrasonic zezi: i-ultrasound frequency 40kHz, ixesha lonyango lwe-ultrasonic 55min, ubushushu 35°C, kunye nokuma iiyure ezi-3. Ngeli xesha, izinga lokukhupha liyi-81.9%.
Isicelo
Iiflavonoids ezikwigqabi leGinkgo zineempawu ze-antioxidant kwaye zingongezwa kwiioyile kunye neepastries njenge-antioxidants. Iiflavonoids zizonke zityheli kwaye zinyibilika ngokubanzi, zombini zinyibilika emanzini kwaye zinyibilika kumafutha, ngoko ke iiflavonoids zizonke zingasetyenziselwa ukufaka umbala. I-Ginkgo biloba icutshungulwa ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kwaye yongezwa ekutyeni. Amagqabi eGinkgo acolwa kakuhle kakhulu kwaye ongezwe kwiikeyiki, iibhisikithi, iinoodles, iilekese, kunye ne-ayisikhrim ngesantya se-5% ukuya kwi-10% ukuze zicutshungulwe zibe kukutya kwamagqabi eginkgo okunemiphumo yokhathalelo lwempilo.
I-Ginkgo leaf extract isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sokutya eKhanada kwaye ivunyiwe njengeyeza elingathengiswayo eJamani naseFransi. I-Ginkgo leaf ifakiwe kwi-United States Pharmacopoeia (uhlelo lwama-24) kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sokutya eMelika.
Iziphumo zeMithi
1. Impembelelo kwinkqubo yentliziyo
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela umsebenzi we-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) kwi-serum eqhelekileyo yomntu, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ukufinyela kwe-arterioles, ikhulise imithambo yegazi, kwaye inyuse ukuhamba kwegazi.
(2) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela ukwehla kwentliziyo kwiigundane ezingamadoda okubangelwa kukufakwa kwe-bupivacaine ngemithambo yegazi, ithintele ukuqiniswa kwemithambo yegazi ebantwini nakwiihagu okubangelwa kukungabikho koxilongo, kwaye isuse i-PAF (i-platelet-activating factor) ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo ezinjeni. Inokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani kwentliziyo kwiihagu ezizimeleyo ze-guinea.
(3) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokwandisa kakhulu imithambo yegazi yobuchopho yeekati nezinja ezithomalaliswe yi-anesthesia, yonyuse ukuhamba kwegazi lobuchopho, kwaye inciphise ukumelana nemithambo yegazi yobuchopho. I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela ukwanda kobubanzi be-mesenteric microvascular obubangelwa yi-endotoxin emithanjeni. Kwimodeli ye-endotoxin yenja, i-Ginkgo biloba extract ithintela utshintsho lwe-hemodynamic; kwimodeli yemiphunga yegusha, i-Ginkgo biloba extract ithintela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-pulmonary edema ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi kwe-lymphatic okubangelwa yi-endotoxin.
(4) Iimpuku zazifakwa i-5ml/kg ye-ginkgo leaf flavonoids ngaphakathi kwesisu imihla ngemihla. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-40, umxholo we-triglyceride egazini wehla kakhulu. I-Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg/kg ngosuku) yanikwa ngomlomo kwiimvundla ezazifumana ukutya okuqhelekileyo nokune-hypercholesterolemic. Emva kwenyanga enye, amanqanaba e-hyper-esterified cholesterol kwi-plasma nakwi-aorta yemvundla ezazifumana ukutya okune-atherogenic ancitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo amanqanaba e-cholesterol asimahla ahlala engatshintshanga.
(5) I-Ginkgo terpene lactone sisithinteli se-PAF receptor esikhethekileyo. I-Ginkgo leaf extract okanye i-ginkgo terpene lactone inokuthintela i-platelet-activating factor (PAF) kunye ne-cyclooxygenase okanye i-lipoxygenase. I-Ginkgo leaf extract yayinyamezeleke kakuhle kwaye i-antagonized platelet aggregation ebangelwe yi-PAF kodwa ayizange ichaphazele i-aggregation ebangelwe yi-ADP.
2. Impembelelo kwinkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ichaphazela inkqubo ye-endocrine kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central ngokuthintela ukusebenza kwe-PAF. Ingakhuthaza imetabolism yokujikeleza kobuchopho kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kwememori.
(2) I-Ginkgo terpene lactones ineempembelelo zokudakumba, kwaye iimpembelelo zazo zokudakumba zinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi ye-monoaminergic.
(3) Ukongeza kwinto yokuba i-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuphucula kakhulu ukukhubazeka kwememori yohlobo lwe-deficit okubangelwa yi-NaNO2, isiphumo sayo sokulwa ne-hypoxic sinokunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kwayo kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-metabolism yamandla engqondo ngexesha le-hypoxia.
(4) I-Ginkgo leaf extract iphucula kakhulu iingxaki zokuziphatha kwengqondo ze-gerbils ezibangelwa kukubopha kunye nokujikeleza kwakhona kwemithambo ye-carotid kwaye ithintela umonakalo wobuchopho kwi-gerbils ezibangelwa yi-ischemia kunye nokuxinana; iphucula ukusebenza kwezinja emva kwe-ischemia yobuchopho obune-focal Ukubuyiselwa kwangoko kwe-neuronal kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-neuronal emva kwe-ischemia kwi-hippocampus yobuchopho be-gerbil; kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-ATP, i-AMP, i-creatine kunye ne-creatine phosphate kwingqondo ye-ischemic yenja ye-mongrel. I-Ginkgo biloba lactone B iluncedo kunyango lwezonyango lwe-stroke.
3. Impembelelo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuphucula kakhulu izilonda zesisu nezamathumbu kwiimpuku ezibangelwa yi-PAF kunye ne-endotoxin, kwaye inokuthintela kancinci umonakalo wesisu obangelwa yi-ethanol.
(2) Kwiimpuku ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa kukubopha i-bile duct, ukufakwa kwe-ginkgo leaf extract ngemithambo yegazi kunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-hepatic portal venous, i-cardiac index, ukuhamba kwegazi kwamasebe e-portal vein, kunye nokuphucula ukunyamezelana kwemithambo yegazi xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-ginkgo leaf extract inefuthe elinokubakho lokunyanga kwi-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ingathintela ukwakheka kwee-radicals ezingenaoksijini kwi-pancreatitis ebukhali yegundane ebangelwa yi-cholecystokinin. I-Ginkgo terpene lactone B inokuba nendima kunyango lwe-pancreatitis ebukhali.
4. Impembelelo kwinkqubo yokuphefumla
(1) I-ethanol extract yeGinkgo biloba inefuthe elithe ngqo lokuphumla kwimisipha egudileyo ye-tracheal kwaye inokuphelisa imiphumo yokuxinana kwe-histamine phosphate kunye ne-acetylcholine kwi-trachea ehlukanisiweyo yeehagu ze-guinea, kwaye ithintele ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma okubangelwa yi-histamine kwiihagu ze-guinea.
(2) Ukufakwa kwe-Ginkgo leaf extract emithanjeni kunokuthintela ukuxinana kwe-broncho kunye nokusabela kakhulu kweempuku ezibangelwa yi-PAF kunye ne-ovalbumin, kwaye kuthintele ukuxinana kwe-broncho okubangelwa zii-antigens, kodwa akuchaphazeli ukuxinana kwe-bronchial okubangelwa yi-indomethacin.
(3) Ukuphefumla i-Ginkgo leaf extract efakwe kwi-aerosol akuthinteli nje kuphela ukuxinana kwe-broncho kodwa kukwathintela nokuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nee-eosinophils ezibangelwa yi-PAF. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni ukunganyangeki kakhulu kwe-bronchial.
5. Isiphumo sokulwa nokwaluphala
IiGinkgobiflavonoids, ii-isoginkgobiflavonoids, i-ginkgo biloba, kunye ne-quercetin kwi-ginkgo leaves zonke zithintela i-lipid peroxidation, ingakumbi kuba i-quercetin inomsebenzi oqinileyo wokuthintela. Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwiimpuku kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ii-flavonoids ze-ginkgo leaf total (0.95mg/ml) ezikhutshwe ngamanzi zinokunciphisa kakhulu i-lipid peroxidation, kwaye ii-flavonoids ze-ginkgo leaf total (1.9mg/ml) zinokunyusa umsebenzi we-serum copper kunye ne-zinc SOD kwaye zinciphise isiphumo se-viscosity yegazi ngelixa zinciphisa umsebenzi we-SGPT.
7. Indima ekwaliweni kokufakelwa utyando kunye nezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela komzimba
I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokwandisa ixesha lokusinda kwe-skin grafts, i-heterotopic heart xenografts, kunye ne-orthotopic liver xenografts. I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela umsebenzi wendalo weeseli zokubulala umzimba ngokuchasene neeseli ezijoliswe kwi-KC526, kwaye inokuthintela nomsebenzi wendalo weeseli zokubulala obangelwa yi-interferon.
8. Isiphumo sokulwa nomhlaza
Isicatshulwa esiluhlaza samagqabi aluhlaza eGinkgo biloba, inxalenye enyibilikayo ngamafutha, sinokuthintela intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr. I-Heptadecene salicylic acid kunye ne-bilo-betin zinomsebenzi onamandla wokuthintela; ii-flavonoids zeGinkgo zizonke zinokunyusa ubunzima be-thymus yeempuku ezine-tumor. kunye namanqanaba omsebenzi we-SOD, okuhlanganisa amandla omzimba okulwa ne-tumor; i-quercetin kunye ne-myricetin zinokuthintela ukwenzeka kwe-carcinogens.
Amanqaku kunye nokuchasana
Iimpendulo ezimbi zeGinkgo leaf extract: Ngamanye amaxesha ukungakhululeki kwesisu, okufana ne-anorexia, isicaphucaphu, ukuqhina, isitulo esikhululekileyo, ukudumba kwesisu, njl.njl.; kunokubakho nokunyuka kwentliziyo, ukudinwa, njl.njl., kodwa ezi azichaphazeli unyango. Emva kokusetyenziswa ngomlomo ixesha elide, kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo izalathisi ezifanelekileyo ze-rheology yegazi. Ukuba uneempawu zesisu, ungayithatha emva kokutya endaweni yoko.
Ukusebenzisana neziyobisi
Le mveliso inefuthe elihambelanayo xa isetyenziswa kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezinciphisa ukuxinana kwegazi, ezifana ne-sodium alginate diester, i-acetate, njl.njl., ezinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Indlela yoPhuhliso
Amagqabi eGinkgo aqulathe inani elincinci leeproanthocyanidins kunye nee-urishiolic acids, ezisanobungozi emzimbeni womntu. Xa i-ginkgo ishiya njengezinto eziluhlaza zokucubungula ukutya, kufuneka unyango olukhethekileyo ukunciphisa umxholo we-proanthocyanidins kunye nee-urishiolic acids. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi koluhlu lwedosi olusetyenziswayo ngoku, akukho tyhefu ibukhali okanye engapheliyo kwaye akukho miphumo ye-teratogenic. UMphathiswa wezeMpilo wavuma i-Ginkgo biloba extract njengesongezelelo esitsha sokutya ngo-1992. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-flavonoids zeGinkgo biloba zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokutya, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lweGinkgo biloba lunamathuba abanzi.
Qhagamshelana nathi
UGrace HU (uMphathi weNtengiso)grace@biowaycn.com
UCarl Cheng (i-CEO/uMphathi)ceo@biowaycn.com
Iwebhusayithi:www.biowaynutrition.com
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-12-2024
