Iindaba-Yeyona Nto i-Antioxidant yeNdalo—Isicatshulwa samagqabi e-Ginkgo!

I. Intshayelelo

Intshayelelo

Ziziphi iingenelo zempilo zeginkgo biloba extract powder (2)

Ginkgo igqabi isicatshulwayinto yendalo esebenzayo ekhutshwa kumagqabi eginkgo. Amacandelo ayo aphambili yi-flavonoids kunye ne-ginkgo lactones. I-PAF ethile (i-platelet-activating factor, i-platelet-activating factor) i-receptor antagonist. Imisebenzi yayo ye-pharmacological ibandakanya: ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwe-cerebral kunye ne-cell metabolism; ukwandisa umsebenzi wegazi elibomvu le-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), kunye nokunciphisa i-cell membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). ukuveliswa, ukukhupha i-radicals yamahhala, ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-cardiomyocytes kunye neeseli ze-vascular endothelial; ngokukhetha antagonize platelet aggregation, micro thrombosis, kunye lipid metabolism ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa platelet PAF; ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwe-coronary yentliziyo kunye nokukhusela ischemic myocardium; Ukwandisa ukukhubazeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, kunye nokuphelisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-microcirculatory; inqanda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-thromboxane (TXA2) kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwe-prostaglandin PGI2 kwiiseli ze-vascular endothelial.

Umthombo wezityalo

IGinkgo biloba ligqabi leGinkgo biloba L., isityalo sosapho lakwaGinkgo. Isicatshulwa sayo (EGB) sinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokhathalelo lwempilo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni nakwizinto zokuthambisa. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zamagqabi e-Ginkgo kunzima kakhulu, kunye neengqungquthela ezingaphezu kwe-140 ezizimeleyo. I-Flavonoids kunye ne-terpene lactones zizona zinto zimbini ezisebenzayo zamagqabi eGinkgo. Ukongeza, iqulethe i-polyprenol, i-organic acids, i-polysaccharides, i-amino acids, i-phenols, kunye ne-trace elements. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, umgangatho wangoku wamazwe ngamazwe we-ginkgo isicatshulwa segqabi yi-EGb761 eveliswe ngokwenkqubo yaseJamani yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza iSchwabe. Ibonakala njengomgubo omdaka-tyheli kwaye inevumba elincinane legqabi leginkgo. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali yi-24% ye-flavonoids, i-6% ye-terpene lactones, ngaphantsi kwe-0.0005% ye-ginkgo acid, i-7.0% ye-proanthocyanidins, i-13.0% ye-carboxylic acids, i-2.0% ye-catechins, i-20% ye-non-flavonoid glycosides, kunye ne-4.0 polymer compounds. I-%, i-inorganic matter 5.0%, i-solvent yokufuma i-3.0%, abanye i-3.0%.

Iimpawu ze-Antioxidant kunye ne-Mechanism

Ginkgo igqabi isicatshulwa unako ukuphelisa ngokuthe ngqo lipid free radicals, lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, njl., kwaye aphelise free radical chain reaction chain. Ngexesha elifanayo, inokulawula kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-antioxidant enzymes ezifana ne-superoxide dismutase kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase. Impembelelo ye-antioxidant ye-flavonoids kwi-EGB idlula iivithamini, kwaye ineempawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-anti-free radical in vitro.

Imiphumo ye-antioxidant ye-ginkgo extracts ekhutshwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo yahlukile, kwaye iziphumo ze-antioxidant ze-extracts ezikrwada kunye neemveliso ezisulungekileyo nazo zahlukile. UMa Xihan et al. yafumanisa ukuba i-petroleum ether-ethanol extract yayinempembelelo enamandla kakhulu ye-antioxidant kwioli ye-rapeseed xa kuthelekiswa ne-Ginkgo leaf extracts efunyenwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Umthamo we-antioxidant we-extract yegqabi le-Ginkgo ekrwada yayiphezulu kancinane kunesicatshulwa esicolisisiweyo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa ekrwada Isicatshulwa siqulethe ezinye izithako ze-antioxidant, ezifana ne-organic acids, i-amino acids, i-tannins, i-alkaloids, kunye nezinye izinto ezineempembelelo ze-synergistic.

Indlela Yokulungiselela

(1) Indlela yokukhutshwa kwe-solvent ye-Organic Okwangoku, eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe yindlela yokutsalwa kwe-solvent ye-organic. Ekubeni ezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo zinetyhefu okanye ziguquguquka, i-ethanol isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-arhente yokukhupha. Iimvavanyo zikaZhang Yonghong kunye nabanye zibonise ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha i-flavonoids kumagqabi e-ginkgo yi-70% ye-ethanol njengesisombululo sokukhupha, ubushushu bokukhutshwa ngu-90 ° C, umlinganiselo oqinileyo-ulwelo ngu-1:20, inani le-extractions yi-3. amaxesha, kwaye ixesha ngalinye refluxes iiyure 1.5.

(2) Indlela yokukhupha i-Enzyme ka-Wang Hui et al.'s experiments ibonise ukuba isivuno se-flavonoids iyonke yanda ngokuphawulekayo emva kokuba i-ginkgo igqabi lezinto eziluhlaza zaye zalungiswa nge-cellulase kwaye zikhutshwe, kwaye isivuno sinokufikelela kwi-2.01%.

(3) Indlela ye-ultrasonic extraction Emva kokuba unyango lwe-ultrasonic lwamagqabi e-ginkgo, i-membrane yeseli iye yaphulwa, kwaye ukuhamba kwamagqabi amaqabunga kuye kwakhawuleza, okukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ngoko ke, i-ultrasonic extraction ye-flavonoids ineenzuzo ezinkulu. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezifunyenwe nguLiu Jingzhi et al. bonisa ukuba iimeko zenkqubo ye-ultrasonic extraction zezi: i-ultrasonic frequency 40kHz, ixesha lonyango lwe-ultrasonic 55min, ubushushu be-35 ° C, kunye nokuma kwe-3h. Ngeli xesha, izinga lokutsalwa liyi-81.9%.

Isicelo

I-flavonoids emagqabini e-Ginkgo ineempawu ze-antioxidant kwaye inokongezwa kwi-oyile kunye ne-pastries njenge-antioxidants. Iiflavonoids zizonke zityheli kwaye zinokunyibilika okubanzi, zombini zinyibilika emanzini kwaye zinyibilika ngamafutha, ngoko ke iiflavonoids zizonke zinokusetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala. isiphumo somenzeli. I-Ginkgo biloba icutshungulwa ibe ngumgubo we-ultrafine kwaye yongezwa ekutyeni. Amagqabi e-Ginkgo ahlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye afakwe kwiikeyiki, iibhiskithi, ii-noodles, iilekese, kunye ne-ayisikrimu ngesantya se-5% ukuya kwi-10% ukusetyenzwa kwi-ginkgo leaf foods kunye neziphumo zokhathalelo lwempilo.
I-Ginkgo leaf extract isetyenziswa njengesongezo sokutya eKhanada kwaye ivunyiwe njengechiza elithengiswayo eJamani naseFransi. Iqabunga le-Ginkgo lifakwe kwi-United States Pharmacopoeia (uhlelo lwe-24) kwaye lunokusetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sokutya e-United States.

Iziphumo ze-Pharmacological

1. Impembelelo kwi-cardiovascular system
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela umsebenzi we-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) kwi-serum yabantu eqhelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukuchithwa kwe-arterioles, ukuhlanjululwa kwemithambo yegazi, kunye nokwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
(2) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela ukuhla kwe-myocardial kwiigundane zamadoda ezibangelwa i-injection ye-intravenous ye-bupivacaine, inqanda ukunyanzeliswa komthambo we-coronary kubantu kunye neehagu ezibangelwa yi-hypoxia, kunye nokuphelisa i-PAF (i-platelet-activating factor) ebangela i-arrhythmia kwizinja. Inganqanda ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukwalana nentliziyo kwiihagu ezizimeleyo.
(3) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokwandisa kakhulu imithwalo yegazi ye-cerebral yeekati kunye nezinja ezine-anesthetized, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-cerebral, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa i-cerebral vascular resistance. I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela ukwanda kwe-mesenteric microvascular diameter ebangelwa yi-endotoxin ye-intravenous. Kwimodeli ye-canine endotoxin, i-Ginkgo biloba extract inhibisa utshintsho lwe-hemodynamic; kwimodeli yemiphunga yeegusha, i-Ginkgo biloba extract inhibisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-pulmonary edema ebangelwa yi-lymphatic flow disorder ebangelwa yi-endotoxin.
(4) Iigundane zifakwe kwi-intraperitoneally kunye ne-5ml / kg ye-ginkgo leaf flavonoids imihla ngemihla. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-40, umxholo we-serum triglyceride wancitshiswa kakhulu. Isicatshulwa se-Ginkgo biloba (i-20 mg / kg ngosuku) yayilawulwa ngomlomo kwimivundla efumana ukutya okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-hypercholesterolemic. Emva kwenyanga enye, amanqanaba e-cholesterol e-hyper-esterified kwi-plasma kunye ne-aorta yemivundla efumana ukutya kwe-atherogenic yancitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo amanqanaba e-cholesterol asimahla ahlala engatshintshi.
(5) I-Ginkgo terpene lactone yi-blocker ekhethekileyo ye-PAF ye-receptor. I-Ginkgo leaf extract okanye i-ginkgo terpene lactone inokuthintela i-platelet-activating factor (PAF) kunye ne-cyclooxygenase okanye i-lipoxygenase. I-Ginkgo leaf extract yanyamezelwa kakuhle kwaye i-antagonized platelet aggregation ebangelwa yi-PAF kodwa ayizange ichaphazele ukuhlanganiswa okubangelwa yi-ADP.

2. Impembelelo kwinkqubo ye-nervous central
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ichaphazela inkqubo ye-endocrine kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-immune system kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central ngokuvimbela isenzo se-PAF. Inokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwengqondo kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wememori.
(2) I-Ginkgo terpene lactones ineempembelelo ezichasayo, kwaye iziphumo zabo ezichasayo zihambelana nenkqubo ye-nervous monoaminergic central.
(3) Ukongeza kwinto yokuba i-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuphucula kakhulu i-deficit-type impairment yememori ebangelwa yi-NaNO2, i-anti-hypoxic effect inokuthi ihambelane nokunyuka kwayo kwi-cerebral blood flow kunye nokuphucula amandla e-brain metabolism ngexesha le-hypoxia.
(4) I-Ginkgo leaf extract iphucula kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kwengqondo ye-gerbils ebangelwa yi-ligation kunye nokuphindaphinda kweemitha zombini ze-carotid kunye nokuthintela umonakalo wobuchopho kwi-gerbils ebangelwa yi-ischemia kunye nokuxinana; iphucula umsebenzi wezinja emva kobuchopho obugxile kwi-ischemia Ukuchacha kwangoko kwe-neuronal kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-neuronal olandela ischemia kwi-hippocampus yengqondo ye-gerbil; kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-ATP, i-AMP, i-creatine kunye ne-creatine phosphate kwingqondo ye-ischemic yenja ye-mongrel. I-Ginkgo biloba lactone B iluncedo kunyango lwe-stroke.

3. Isiphumo kwisixokelelwano sokwetyisa
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuphucula kakhulu izilonda zesisu kunye namathumbu kwiigundane ezibangelwa yi-PAF kunye ne-endotoxin, kwaye inokuthintela ngokuyinxenye umonakalo wesisu obangelwa yi-ethanol.
(2) Kwiimpuku ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa yi-bile duct ligation, inaliti ye-intravenous ye-ginkgo leaf extract yanciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-hepatic portal venous, isalathisi senhliziyo, ukuhamba kwegazi kwamasebe e-portal vein, kunye nokuphucula ukunyamezela kwe-vascular vascular xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-ginkgo leaf extract inefuthe elinokubakho lonyango kwi-cirrhosis yesibindi. Inokuthintela ukubunjwa kweeradicals ezingenayo i-oxygen kwi-mouse acute pancreatitis ebangelwa yi-cholecystokinin. I-Ginkgo terpene lactone B ingaba nendima kunyango lwe-pancreatitis ebukhali.

4. Impembelelo kwinkqubo yokuphefumla
1
(2) I-injection ye-intravenous ye-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela i-bronchoconstriction kunye ne-hyperresponsiveness yeegundane ezibangelwa yi-PAF kunye ne-ovalbumin, kwaye ithintele i-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa yi-antigens, kodwa ayichaphazeli i-hyperresponsiveness ye-bronchial ebangelwa yi-indomethacin.
(3) I-inhalation ye-aerosolized leaf extract ye-Ginkgo ayithinteli kuphela i-bronchoconstriction kodwa iphinda ivimbele ukunciphisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye ne-eosinophils ezibangelwa yi-PAF. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni nasekuphatheni i-hyperresponsiveness ye-bronchial.

5. Impembelelo yokuguga
I-Ginkgobiflavonoids, i-isoginkgobiflavonoids, i-ginkgo biloba, kunye ne-quercetin kwi-ginkgo ishiya yonke into inhibit lipid peroxidation, ngakumbi kuba i-quercetin inomsebenzi onamandla wokuthintela. Iimvavanyo zenziwe kwiigundane kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-ginkgo igqabi elikhutshwe ngamanzi lilonke i-flavonoids (0.95mg / ml) inokunciphisa kakhulu i-lipid peroxidation, kunye ne-acid-extracted ginkgo leaf total flavonoids (1.9mg / ml) inokunyusa i-serum yethusi kunye ne-zinc SOD. umsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa Umphumo we-viscosity yegazi ngelixa unciphisa umsebenzi we-SGPT.

7. Indima ekugayweni kokutshintshwa kunye nezinye iimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba
I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokwandisa ixesha lokusinda kwesikhumba, i-heterotopic heart xenografts, kunye ne-orthotopic yesibindi xenografts. I-Ginkgo leaf extract inokuthintela umsebenzi weseli yombulali wendalo womzimba ngokuchasene neeseli ekujoliswe kuzo ze-KC526, kwaye inokuthintela umsebenzi weseli yombulali wendalo obangelwa yi-interferon.

8. Impembelelo ye-Anti-tumor
Isicatshulwa esikrwada samagqabi aluhlaza eGinkgo biloba, inxalenye enyibilikayo yamafutha, inokuthintela intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr. I-Heptadecene salicylic acid kunye ne-bilo-betin inomsebenzi onamandla wokuthintela; i-flavonoids iyonke ye-Ginkgo inokunyusa ubunzima be-thymus yeegundane ezithwala i-tumor. kunye namanqanaba omsebenzi we-SOD, ukudibanisa isakhono somzimba esichasene ne-tumor; i-quercetin kunye ne-myricetin inokuthintela ukwenzeka kwe-carcinogens.

Amanqaku kunye Contraindications

Ukuphendula okungalunganga kwe-Ginkgo leaf extract: Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, njenge-anorexia, i-nausea, i-constipation, i-stools, i-distension yesisu, njl.; kusenokubakho ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo, ukudinwa, njalo njalo, kodwa ezi aziluchaphazeli unyango. Emva kokulawulwa komlomo ixesha elide, izikhombisi ezifanelekileyo ze-rheology yegazi kufuneka zihlaziywe rhoqo. Ukuba uneempawu zesisu, unokuyithatha emva kokutya endaweni yoko.

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi

Le mveliso inefuthe le-synergistic xa isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa nezinye izidakamizwa ze-viscosity-ehlisa i-blood, ezifana ne-sodium alginate diester, i-acetate, njl., enokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

Indlela yoPhuhliso

Amaqabunga e-Ginkgo aqukethe inani elincinci le-proanthocyanidins kunye ne-urushiolic acids, esele inetyhefu emzimbeni womntu. Xa i-ginkgo ishiya njengezinto eziluhlaza ukucubungula ukutya, unyango olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ukunciphisa umxholo we-proanthocyanidins kunye ne-urushiolic acid. Nangona kunjalo, kuluhlu lwedosi esetyenziswayo ngoku, akukho tyhefu ebukhali okanye engapheliyo kwaye akukho ziphumo ze-teratogenic. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo ivume i-Ginkgo biloba isicatshulwa njengento entsha yokutya kwi-1992. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Ginkgo biloba iyonke i-flavonoids isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini lokutya, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-Ginkgo biloba lunamathemba abanzi.