I. Intshayelelo
IiPhospholipids zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiimembrane zeseli kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweeseli zengqondo. Zenza i-lipid bilayer ejikeleze kwaye ikhusele ii-neurons kunye nezinye iiseli ebuchotsheni, inegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwenkqubo ye-nervous central. Ukongeza, ii-phospholipids zibandakanyeka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa imiyalezo kunye neenkqubo zokudlulisela i-neurotransmission ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.
Impilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo zibalulekile kwimpilo-ntle iyonke kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Iinkqubo zengqondo ezifana nenkumbulo, ingqalelo, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemihla ngemihla kwaye zixhomekeke kwimpilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwengqondo. Njengoko abantu bekhula, ukugcina ukusebenza kwengqondo kuya kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi, okwenza uphononongo lwezinto ezichaphazela impilo yengqondo lube lubalulekile ekujongeni ukwehla kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala kunye neengxaki zengqondo ezifana ne-dementia.
Injongo yolu phononongo kukuphonononga nokuhlalutya impembelelo yeephospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Ngokuphanda indima yeephospholipids ekugcineni impilo yengqondo kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zokuqonda, olu phononongo lujolise ekunikeni ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nolwalamano phakathi kweephospholipids kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho. Ukongeza, olu phononongo luza kuvavanya imiphumo enokubakho yokungenelela kunye nonyango olujolise ekugcineni nasekuphuculeni impilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda.
II. Ukuqonda iiPhospholipids
A. Inkcazo yeephospholipids:
IiPhospholipidsludidi lwee-lipids eziyinxalenye ephambili yazo zonke ii-membranes zeseli, kuquka nezo zisebuchotsheni. Zenziwe yimolekyuli ye-glycerol, ii-fatty acids ezimbini, iqela le-phosphate, kunye neqela le-polar head. Ii-Phospholipids zibonakaliswa yindalo yazo ye-amphiphilic, oko kuthetha ukuba zineendawo ezi-hydrophilic (ezitsala amanzi) kunye ne-hydrophobic (ezigxotha amanzi). Olu phawu luvumela ii-phospholipids ukuba zenze ii-lipid bilayers ezisebenza njengesiseko sesakhiwo see-membranes zeseli, zibonelela ngomqobo phakathi kwengaphakathi leseli kunye nokusingqongileyo kwayo kwangaphandle.
B. Iindidi ze-phospholipids ezifumaneka engqondweni:
Ingqondo ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeephospholipids, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukhonai-phosphatidylcholine, i-phosphatidylethanolamine,i-phosphatidylserine, kunye ne-sphingomyelin. Ezi phospholipids zinegalelo kwiimpawu ezizodwa kunye nemisebenzi yee-membranes zeeseli zobuchopho. Umzekelo, i-phosphatidylcholine yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yee-membranes zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, ngelixa i-phosphatidylserine ibandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwesignali kunye nokukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter. I-Sphingomyelin, enye i-phospholipid ebalulekileyo efumaneka kwizicubu zobuchopho, idlala indima ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwee-sheaths ze-myelin ezikhusela kwaye zikhusele ii-nerve fibers.
C. Ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wee-phospholipids:
Ulwakhiwo lweephospholipids luqulathe iqela leentloko zephosphate ezihlala emanzini ezinamathele kwimolekyuli yeglycerol kunye nemisila emibini ye-hydrophobic fatty acid. Olu lwakhiwo lwe-amphiphilic luvumela iiphospholipids ukuba zenze ii-lipid bilayers, apho iintloko ze-hydrophilic zijonge ngaphandle kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic zijonge ngaphakathi. Olu lungiselelo lweephospholipids lubonelela ngesiseko semodeli ye-fluid mosaic yee-membranes zeseli, okuvumela ukuba kubekho ukuvuleka okukhethwayo okufunekayo kumsebenzi weseli. Ngokwemisebenzi, ii-phospholipids zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwee-membranes zeseli yengqondo. Zinegalelo ekuzinzeni nasekuhambeni kakuhle kwee-membranes zeseli, zenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwee-molecules kwi-membrane, kwaye zithatha inxaxheba kwimiqondiso yeseli kunye nonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, iintlobo ezithile ze-phospholipids, ezifana ne-phosphatidylserine, ziye zanxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yengqondo kunye neenkqubo zememori, zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo.
III. Impembelelo yePhospholipids kwiMpilo yoBongo
A. Ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo seeseli zobuchopho:
IiPhospholipids zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo seeseli zobuchopho. Njengenxalenye ephambili yeemembrane zeseli, iiphospholipids zibonelela ngesakhelo esisisiseko soyilo kunye nokusebenza kwee-neurons kunye nezinye iiseli zobuchopho. I-phospholipid bilayer yenza umqobo oguquguqukayo noguquguqukayo owahlula imeko-bume yangaphakathi yeeseli zobuchopho kwindawo engaphandle, elawula ukungena nokuphuma kweemolekyuli kunye nee-ion. Olu kuqina kwesakhiwo lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweeseli zobuchopho, njengoko kwenza ukuba kugcinwe i-homeostasis yangaphakathi kweseli, unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli, kunye nokudluliselwa kwemiqondiso ye-neural.
B. Indima ekudluliseleni ulwazi ngemithambo-luvo:
IiPhospholipids zinegalelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yokudluliselwa kwe-neurotransmission, ebaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokuqonda efana nokufunda, inkumbulo, kunye nokulawula imood. Unxibelelwano lwe-neural luxhomekeke ekukhululweni, ekusasazweni, nasekumkelweni kwee-neurotransmitters kwi-synapses, kwaye ii-phospholipids zibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwezi nkqubo. Umzekelo, ii-phospholipids zisebenza njengezinto ezibangela ukwenziwa kwee-neurotransmitters kwaye zilawula umsebenzi wee-receptors ze-neurotransmitter kunye nee-transporters. IiPhospholipids zikwachaphazela ukugeleza kunye nokuphuma kwee-membranes zeseli, zichaphazela i-exocytosis kunye ne-endocytosis yee-vesicles eziqulethe ii-neurotransmitter kunye nokulawulwa kokudluliselwa kwe-synaptic.
C. Ukhuseleko kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative:
Ingqondo isengozini enkulu yokonakala kwe-oxidative ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo ioksijini ephezulu, amanqanaba aphezulu e-polyunsaturated fatty acids, kunye namanqanaba aphantsi eendlela zokuzikhusela ze-antioxidant. Ii-Phospholipids, njengezinto eziphambili kwi-brain cell membranes, zinegalelo ekukhuseleni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngokusebenza njengeethagethi kunye neendawo zokugcina ii-molecules ze-antioxidant. Ii-Phospholipids eziqulethe ii-antioxidant compounds, ezifana ne-vitamin E, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iiseli zobuchopho kwi-lipid peroxidation kunye nokugcina ukuthembeka kwe-membrane kunye nokugeleza kwayo. Ngaphezu koko, ii-phospholipids zikwasebenza njengee-molecule ezibonisa iindlela zokuphendula kweseli ezilwa noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwaye zikhuthaza ukusinda kweseli.
IV. Impembelelo yePhospholipids kwiMisebenzi yoQoqosho
A. Inkcazo yeephospholipids:
IiPhospholipids ludidi lwee-lipids eziyinxalenye ephambili yazo zonke ii-membranes zeseli, kuquka nezo zisebuchotsheni. Zenziwe yimolekyuli ye-glycerol, ii-fatty acids ezimbini, iqela le-phosphate, kunye neqela le-polar head. IiPhospholipids zibonakaliswa yindalo yazo ye-amphiphilic, oko kuthetha ukuba zineendawo ezithanda amanzi (ezitsala amanzi) kunye nezindawo ezithanda amanzi (ezithintela amanzi). Olu phawu luvumela ii-phospholipids ukuba zenze ii-lipid bilayers ezisebenza njengesiseko sesakhiwo see-membranes zeseli, zibonelela ngomqobo phakathi kwangaphakathi kweseli kunye nokusingqongileyo kwayo kwangaphandle.
B. Iindidi ze-phospholipids ezifumaneka engqondweni:
Ingqondo ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeephospholipids, ezona zininzi ziyi-phosphatidylcholine, i-phosphatidylethanolamine, i-phosphatidylserine, kunye ne-sphingomyelin. Ezi phospholipids zinegalelo kwiimpawu ezizodwa kunye nemisebenzi yee-membranes zeeseli zobuchopho. Umzekelo, i-phosphatidylcholine yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yee-membranes zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, ngelixa i-phosphatidylserine ibandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwesignali kunye nokukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter. I-Sphingomyelin, enye i-phospholipid ebalulekileyo efumaneka kwizicubu zobuchopho, idlala indima ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwee-sheaths ze-myelin ezikhusela kwaye zikhusele ii-nerve fibers.
C. Ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wee-phospholipids:
Ulwakhiwo lweephospholipids luqulathe iqela leentloko zephosphate ezihlala emanzini ezinamathele kwimolekyuli yeglycerol kunye nemisila emibini ye-hydrophobic fatty acid. Olu lwakhiwo lwe-amphiphilic luvumela iiphospholipids ukuba zenze ii-lipid bilayers, apho iintloko ze-hydrophilic zijonge ngaphandle kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic zijonge ngaphakathi. Olu lungiselelo lweephospholipids lubonelela ngesiseko semodeli ye-fluid mosaic yee-membranes zeseli, okuvumela ukuba kubekho ukuvuleka okukhethwayo okufunekayo kumsebenzi weseli. Ngokwemisebenzi, ii-phospholipids zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwee-membranes zeseli yengqondo. Zinegalelo ekuzinzeni nasekuhambeni kakuhle kwee-membranes zeseli, zenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwee-molecules kwi-membrane, kwaye zithatha inxaxheba kwimiqondiso yeseli kunye nonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, iintlobo ezithile ze-phospholipids, ezifana ne-phosphatidylserine, ziye zanxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yengqondo kunye neenkqubo zememori, zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo.
V. Izinto ezichaphazela amanqanaba ePhospholipid
A. Imithombo yokutya ye-phospholipids
Iiphospholipids zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokutya okunempilo kwaye zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Imithombo ephambili yokutya yeephospholipids ibandakanya amaqanda, iisoya, inyama yezilwanyana, kunye nezinye iintlobo zokutya kwaselwandle ezifana neherring, mackerel, kunye nesalmon. Ii-yolk zeqanda, ngokukodwa, zityebile kwi-phosphatidylcholine, enye yezona phospholipids zininzi engqondweni kwaye ingumlandeli we-neurotransmitter acetylcholine, ebalulekileyo kwinkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukongeza, iisoya zingumthombo obalulekileyo we-phosphatidylserine, enye i-phospholipid ebalulekileyo enemiphumo emihle ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Ukuqinisekisa ukutya okulinganayo kwezi mithombo zokutya kunokunceda ekugcineni amanqanaba e-phospholipid afanelekileyo kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
B. Indlela yokuphila kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo
Indlela yokuphila kunye nezinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume zinokuchaphazela kakhulu amanqanaba e-phospholipid emzimbeni. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo olungapheliyo kunye nokuvezwa kwiityhefu ezichaphazela imeko-bume kunokukhokelela ekuvelisweni okwandisiweyo kweemolekyuli ezivuthayo ezichaphazela ukwakheka kunye nokuthembeka kwee-membranes zeseli, kuquka nezo zisengqondweni. Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezichaphazela indlela yokuphila ezifana nokutshaya, ukusela utywala kakhulu, kunye nokutya okunamafutha e-trans amaninzi kunye namafutha agcweleyo kunokuchaphazela kakubi imetabolism kunye nomsebenzi we-phospholipid. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwii-antioxidants, ii-omega-3 fatty acids, kunye nezinye izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunokukhuthaza amanqanaba e-phospholipid asempilweni kwaye kuxhase impilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
C. Ubungakanani bokongeza
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwee-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo, kukho umdla okhulayo kwithuba lokongeza ii-phospholipid ukuxhasa nokuphucula amanqanaba e-phospholipid. Izongezo ze-phospholipid, ngakumbi ezo ziqulethe i-phosphatidylserine kunye ne-phosphatidylcholine ezivela kwimithombo efana ne-soy lecithin kunye ne-marine phospholipids, ziye zafundwa ngenxa yeziphumo zazo zokuphucula ingqondo. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lubonise ukuba ukongezelela ii-phospholipid kunokuphucula inkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nesantya sokucubungula kubantu abadala abancinci nabadala. Ngaphezu koko, izongezo ze-phospholipid, xa zidityaniswe nee-omega-3 fatty acids, zibonise iziphumo ezihambelanayo ekukhuthazeni ukuguga kwengqondo okunempilo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
VI. Izifundo zoPhando kunye neZiphumo
A. Isishwankathelo soPhando oluNgokufanelekileyo kwiPhospholipids kunye neMpilo yoBongo
IiPhospholipids, izinto eziphambili ezakhiweyo zee-cell membranes, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Uphando ngempembelelo yeephospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo lugxile kwiindima zazo kwi-synaptic plasticity, umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter, kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo iyonke. Izifundo ziphande ngemiphumo yeephospholipids zokutya, ezifana ne-phosphatidylcholine kunye ne-phosphatidylserine, kumsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nempilo yengqondo kuzo zombini iimodeli zezilwanyana kunye nabantu. Ukongeza, uphando luhlolisise iingenelo ezinokubakho zokongezwa kwe-phospholipid ekukhuthazeni ukuphuculwa kwengqondo kunye nokuxhasa ukuguga kwengqondo. Ngaphezu koko, izifundo ze-neuroimaging zibonelele ngolwazi malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kweephospholipids, ulwakhiwo lobuchopho, kunye nokunxibelelana kokusebenza, zikhanyisa iindlela eziphantsi kwempembelelo yeephospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo.
B. Iziphumo eziphambili kunye nezigqibo ezivela kwizifundo
Ukuphucula Ingqondo:Izifundo ezininzi zibike ukuba ii-phospholipids zokutya, ngakumbi i-phosphatidylserine kunye ne-phosphatidylcholine, zinokuphucula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wokuqonda, kubandakanya inkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nesantya sokucubungula. Kwilingo leklinikhi elingacwangciswanga, elingaboni kabini, elilawulwa yi-placebo, ukongeza i-phosphatidylserine kufunyenwe kuphucula inkumbulo kunye neempawu zesifo sokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo ebantwaneni, nto leyo ebonisa ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka konyango lokuphucula ingqondo. Ngokufanayo, izongezo ze-phospholipid, xa zidityaniswe ne-omega-3 fatty acids, zibonise imiphumo yokusebenzisana ekukhuthazeni ukusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abasempilweni kumaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa amandla e-phospholipids njengeziphuculi zengqondo.
Ulwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi: Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zibonelele ubungqina bonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-phospholipids kunye nesakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nokunxibelelana okusebenzayo. Umzekelo, izifundo ze-magnetic resonance spectroscopy zityhile ukuba amanqanaba e-phospholipid kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho anxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuhla kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala. Ukongeza, izifundo ze-diffusion tensor imaging zibonise impembelelo yokwakheka kwe-phospholipid kwi-white matter integrity, ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo lwe-neural. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-phospholipids idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela izakhono zokuqonda.
Iimpembelelo zokwaluphala kobuchopho:Uphando malunga ne-phospholipids lukwanefuthe ekwaluphaleni kwengqondo kunye neemeko zokuwohloka kwengqondo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba utshintsho kulwakhiwo lwe-phospholipid kunye ne-metabolism lunokuba negalelo ekwehleni kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala kunye nezifo zokuwohloka kwengqondo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer. Ngaphezu koko, ukongezwa kwe-phospholipid, ngakumbi kugxilwe kwi-phosphatidylserine, kubonise ithemba ekuxhaseni ukwaluphala kwengqondo okunempilo kwaye kunokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwengqondo okunxulumene nokwaluphala. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-phospholipids kwimeko yokwaluphala kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala.
VII. Iziphumo zeKlinikhi kunye neMigqaliselo yexesha elizayo
A. Izicelo ezinokubakho zempilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda
Impembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda inefuthe elikhulu kwizicelo ezinokubakho kwiindawo zonyango. Ukuqonda indima ye-phospholipids ekuxhaseni impilo yengqondo kuvula ithuba lokungenelela okutsha konyango kunye namaqhinga okuthintela ajolise ekuphuculeni umsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwengqondo. Izicelo ezinokubakho ziquka uphuhliso lokungenelela kokutya okusekwe kwi-phospholipid, iindlela zokongeza ezongezelelweyo, kunye neendlela zonyango ezijolise kubantu abasengozini yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kokungenelela okusekwe kwi-phospholipid ekuxhaseni impilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda kubantu abahlukeneyo bezonyango, kubandakanya abantu abadala, abantu abanezifo ze-neurodegenerative, kunye nabo baneengxaki zengqondo, kunesithembiso sokuphucula iziphumo zengqondo ngokubanzi.
B. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuphando olongezelelekileyo kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi
Uphando olongezelelekileyo kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwethu ngempembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nokuguqulela ulwazi olukhoyo kwiindlela zokungenelela ezisebenzayo zeklinikhi. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka zijolise ekucaciseni iindlela ezisisiseko semiphumo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo, kubandakanya ukusebenzisana kwazo neenkqubo ze-neurotransmitter, iindlela zokubonisa iiseli, kunye neendlela ze-neural plasticity. Ngaphezu koko, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezinde ziyafuneka ukuvavanya iziphumo zexesha elide zokungenelela kwe-phospholipid kumsebenzi wokuqonda, ukuguga kwengqondo, kunye nomngcipheko weemeko ze-neurodegenerative. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kuphando olongezelelekileyo ziquka ukuphonononga iziphumo ezinokubakho ze-phospholipids kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezisebenzayo, ezifana ne-omega-3 fatty acids, ekukhuthazeni impilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezihluliweyo ezigxile kumaqela athile ezigulana, njengabantu abakwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, zinokubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni ngendlela efanelekileyo ukungenelela kwe-phospholipid.
C. Impembelelo kwimpilo yoluntu nemfundo
Impembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ifikelela kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nemfundo, kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwizicwangciso zokuthintela, imigaqo-nkqubo yezempilo yoluntu, kunye namanyathelo emfundo. Ukusasazwa kolwazi malunga nendima ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kunokwazisa amaphulo empilo yoluntu ajolise ekukhuthazeni imikhwa yokutya okunempilo exhasa ukutya i-phospholipid eyaneleyo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zemfundo ezijolise kuluntu olwahlukeneyo, kubandakanya abantu abadala, abanakekeli, kunye neengcali zezempilo, zinokuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kwe-phospholipids ekugcineni ukuqina kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwohloka kwengqondo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi olusekelwe kubungqina malunga ne-phospholipids kwiikharityhulam zemfundo zeengcali zezempilo, iingcali zesondlo, kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho kunokuphucula ukuqonda indima yesondlo kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokuxhobisa abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuphila kakuhle kwengqondo yabo.
VIII. Isiphelo
Kuyo yonke le nto yokuphonononga impembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda, kuye kwavela amanqaku aliqela abalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ii-phospholipids, njengezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiimembrane zeseli, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ubume bomzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Okwesibini, ii-phospholipids zinegalelo kumsebenzi wokuqonda ngokuxhasa i-neurotransmission, i-synaptic plasticity, kunye nempilo yengqondo iyonke. Ngaphezu koko, ii-phospholipids, ingakumbi ezo zityebileyo kwi-polyunsaturated fatty acids, ziye zanxulunyaniswa nemiphumo yokukhusela i-neuro kunye neenzuzo ezinokubakho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Ukongeza, izinto zokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila ezichaphazela ukwakheka kwe-phospholipid zinokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Okokugqibela, ukuqonda impembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokungenelela ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuqina kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwohloka kwengqondo.
Ukuqonda impembelelo yeephospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, ukuqonda okunjalo kubonelela ngengqiqo kwiindlela ezisisiseko somsebenzi wokuqonda, okubonelela ngamathuba okuphuhlisa iindlela zokungenelela ezijolise ekuxhaseni impilo yengqondo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi. Okwesibini, njengoko iminyaka yabantu behlabathi kunye nokuxhaphaka kokuncipha kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala kuyanda, ukucacisa indima yeephospholipids ekwaluphaleni kwengqondo kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukwaluphala okunempilo kunye nokugcina umsebenzi wokuqonda. Okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa okunokwenzeka kokwakheka kwe-phospholipid ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila kugxininisa ukubaluleka kolwazi kunye nemfundo malunga nemithombo kunye neenzuzo zeephospholipids ekuxhaseni umsebenzi wokuqonda. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda impembelelo yeephospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kubalulekile ekwaziseni amaqhinga empilo yoluntu, iindlela zonyango, kunye neendlela ezenzelwe wena ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuqina kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwengqondo.
Ukuqukumbela, impembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda yindawo yophando enamacala amaninzi neguquguqukayo enefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu, uqheliselo lweklinikhi, kunye nokuphila kakuhle komntu ngamnye. Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu indima ye-phospholipids kumsebenzi wokuqonda kuqhubeka nokukhula, kubalulekile ukuqaphela amandla okungenelela okujoliswe kuko kunye namaqhinga alungiselelwe umntu ngamnye asebenzisa iingenelo ze-phospholipids ekukhuthazeni ukuqina kwengqondo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi. Ngokudibanisa olu lwazi kwimizamo yezempilo yoluntu, uqheliselo lweklinikhi, kunye nemfundo, singanika abantu amandla okwenza ukhetho olunolwazi oluxhasa impilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Ekugqibeleni, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda okubanzi kwempembelelo ye-phospholipids kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda kunesithembiso sokuphucula iziphumo zengqondo kunye nokukhuthaza ukwaluphala okunempilo.
Isalathiso:
1. Alberts, B., et al. (2002). I-Molecular Biology of the Cell (uhlelo lwesi-4). ENew York, NY: Isayensi yeGarland.
2. Vance, JE, kunye noVance, DE (2008). I-Phospholipid biosynthesis kwiiseli zezilwanyana ezincancisayo. I-Biochemistry kunye ne-Cell Biology, 86(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1139/O07-167
3. Svennerholm, L., kunye noVanier, MT (1973). Ukusasazeka kwee-lipids kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu. II. Ukwakheka kwe-lipids yengqondo yomntu ngokunxulumene nobudala, isini, kunye nommandla we-anatomical. Ubuchopho, 96(4), 595-628. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/96.4.595
4. Agnati, LF, kunye noFuxe, K. (2000). Ukudluliselwa komthamo njengophawu oluphambili lokuphathwa kolwazi kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Ixabiso elitsha elinokubakho lokuchazwa komatshini wohlobo lwe-B kaTuring. Inkqubela phambili kuPhando loBuchongo, 125, 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(00)25003-X
5. Di Paolo, G., kunye no De Camilli, P. (2006). IiPhosphoinositides kulawulo lweeseli kunye ne-membrane dynamics. Nature, 443(7112), 651-657. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05185
6. Markesbery, WR, kunye noLovell, MA (2007). Ukonakala kwe-lipids, iiproteni, i-DNA, kunye ne-RNA kwi-cognitive impairment encinci. Ii-Archives of Neurology, 64(7), 954-956. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.7.954
7. Bazinet, RP, kunye noLayé, S. (2014). Ii-polyunsaturated fatty acids kunye ne-metabolites zazo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo nakwizifo. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(12), 771-785. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3820
8. Jäger, R., Purpura, M., Geiss, KR, Weiß, M., Baumeister, J., Amatulli, F., & Kreider, RB (2007). Isiphumo se-phosphatidylserine ekusebenzeni kwegalufa. Umbhalo we-International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4 (1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-4-23
9. Cansev, M. (2012). Ii-Essential fatty acids kunye nengqondo: Iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kwimpilo. Ijenali yeHlabathi yeNeuroscience, 116(7), 921-945. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2006.356874
10. Kidd, PM (2007). I-Omega-3 DHA kunye ne-EPA yokuqonda, ukuziphatha, kunye nemood: Iziphumo zeklinikhi kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana kwesakhiwo kunye ne-phospholipids ye-membrane yeseli. Uphononongo lwe-Alternative Medicine, 12(3), 207-227.
11. Lukiw, WJ, kunye neBazan, NG (2008). I-Docosahexaenoic acid kunye nengqondo yokwaluphala. Ijenali yeZondlo, 138(12), 2510-2514. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.100354
12. Hirayama, S., Terasawa, K., Rabeler, R., Hirayama, T., Inoue, T., kunye noTatsumi, Y. (2006). Isiphumo sokulawulwa kwe-phosphatidylserine kwimemori kunye neempawu zesifo sokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga, olungaboni kabini, nolulawulwa yi-placebo. Ijenali yeNutrition and Dietetics yoLuntu, 19(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2006.00610.x
13. Hirayama, S., Terasawa, K., Rabeler, R., Hirayama, T., Inoue, T., kunye noTatsumi, Y. (2006). Isiphumo sokulawulwa kwe-phosphatidylserine kwimemori kunye neempawu zesifo sokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga, olungaboni kabini, nolulawulwa yi-placebo. Ijenali yeNutrition and Dietetics yoLuntu, 19(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2006.00610.x
14. Kidd, PM (2007). I-Omega-3 DHA kunye ne-EPA yokuqonda, ukuziphatha, kunye nemood: Iziphumo zeklinikhi kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana kwesakhiwo kunye ne-phospholipids ye-membrane yeseli. Uphononongo lwe-Alternative Medicine, 12(3), 207-227.
15. Lukiw, WJ, kunye neBazan, NG (2008). I-Docosahexaenoic acid kunye nengqondo yokwaluphala. Ijenali yeZondlo, 138(12), 2510-2514. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.100354
16. Cederholm, T., Salem, N., Palmblad, J. (2013). ω-3 Amafutha e-asidi ekuthinteleni ukwehla kwengqondo ebantwini. Inkqubela phambili kwiZondlo, 4(6), 672-676. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.004556
17. UFabelo, N., Martín, V., Santpere, G., Marín, R., Torrent, L., Ferrer, I., Díaz, M. (2011). Utshintsho olunzima ekubunjweni kwe-lipid ye-frontal cortex lipid rafts ukusuka kwisifo sika-Parkinson kunye ne-18. Isifo sika-Parkinson. I-Molecular Medicine, i-17 (9-10), i-1107-1118. https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2011.00137
19. UKanoski, SE, kunye noDavidson, TL (2010). Iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo zihamba nokugcinwa kwexesha elifutshane nelide kukutya okunamandla aphezulu. Ijenali yePsychology yoVavanyo: Iinkqubo zokuziphatha kwezilwanyana, 36(2), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017318
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-26-2023
