I. Intshayelelo
A. Ukubaluleka kweeSweeteners kukutya kwanamhlanje
I-sweeteners idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutyeni kwanamhlanje njengoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukongeza incasa yeentlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kunye neziselo. Nokuba yiswekile, izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo, iziselo ezinxilisayo zeswekile, okanye izimuncumuncu zendalo, ezi zongezo zibonelela ngobuswiti ngaphandle kokongeza iikhalori zeswekile, zizenza zibe luncedo ekulawuleni isifo seswekile, ukutyeba, okanye ukuzama nje ukunciphisa iikhalori ezityiwa ngabantu zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-sweeteners isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso eyahlukeneyo yokutya kunye nesifo seswekile, oko kubonisa impembelelo yabo ebalulekileyo kwishishini lokutya lanamhlanje.
B. Injongo kunye nesakhiwo sesikhokelo
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi senzelwe ukubonelela ngejongo olunzulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-sweeteners ezikhoyo kwimarike. Isikhokelo siyakugubungela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeswiti, kubandakanywa izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo ezifana ne-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, kunye ne-sucralose, kunye notywala beswekile njenge-erythritol, i-mannitol, kunye ne-xylitol. Ukongeza, iya kuphonononga ii-sweeteners ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-L-arabinose, i-L-fucose, i-L-rhamnose, i-mogroside, kunye ne-thaumatin, ebonisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo. Ukongeza, izimuncumuncu zendalo ezifana ne-stevia kunye ne-trehalose ziya kuxoxwa. Esi sikhokelo siya kuthelekisa i-sweeteners esekelwe kwimiphumo yempilo, amanqanaba obumnandi, kunye nezicelo ezifanelekileyo, ukubonelela abafundi ngombono obanzi ukubanceda benze ukhetho olunolwazi. Ekugqibeleni, isikhokelo siya kubonelela ngeengqwalaselo zokusetyenziswa kunye neengcebiso, kubandakanywa izithintelo zokutya kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwee-sweeteners ezahlukeneyo, kunye neempawu ezicetyiswayo kunye nemithombo. Esi sikhokelo siyilelwe ukunceda abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ezizizo xa bekhetha izimuncumuncu ezisetyenziselwa ubuqu okanye ubuchwephesha.
II. Ii-Sweeteners ezenziweyo
Ii-sweeteners ezenziweyo ziindawo zeswekile ezenziweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuswiti ukutya kunye neziselo ngaphandle kokongeza iikhalori. Zimnandi ngamaxesha amaninzi kuneswekile, ngoko ke kufuneka nje isixa esincinci. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-aspartame, i-sucralose, kunye ne-saccharin.
A. Aspartame
Aspartameyenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo ehlabathini kwaye iqhele ukufunyanwa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezingenaswekile okanye "zokutya". Imalunga nama-200 amatyeli amnandi kuneswekile kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye izimuncumuncu ukulinganisa incasa yeswekile. I-aspartame yenziwe ngee-amino acids ezimbini, i-aspartic acid, kunye ne-phenylalanine, ezidityaniswe kunye. Xa isetyenzisiwe, i-aspartame iyaqhekeka ibe yi-amino acids, i-methanol, kunye ne-phenylalanine. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-aspartame kufuneka ithintelwe ngabantu abane-phenylketonuria (PKU), ingxaki enqabileyo yemfuza, njengoko bengakwazi ukwenza i-metabolize phenylalanine. I-Aspartame yaziwa ngomxholo wayo we-calorie ephantsi, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukutya kwabo iswekile kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhalori.
B. Acesulfame Potassium
I-Acesulfame potassium, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Acesulfame K okanye i-Ace-K, sisiyobisi esingenazikhalori esenziwayo esimalunga namaxesha angama-200 kuneswekile. Ubushushu buzinzile, buyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa ekubhakeni nasekuphekeni. I-Acesulfame potassium isoloko isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye izimuncumuncu ukunika inkangeleko yobuswiti ejikelezwe kakuhle. Ayinametabolism ngumzimba kwaye ikhutshwe ingatshintshi, igalelo kwimeko yayo ye-zero-calorie. I-Acesulfame potassium ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ixhaphake ukufunyanwa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa neziselo ezithambileyo, izimuncumuncu, itshungama, nokunye.
C. Sucralose
I-Sucralose yi-sweetener eyenziweyo engenakhalori emalunga nama-600 aphindwe kabini kuneswekile. Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa ekuphekeni nasekuphekeni. I-Sucralose ithathwa kwiswekile ngenkqubo enamanyathelo amaninzi athatha indawo yamaqela amathathu e-hydrogen-oxygen kwimolekyuli yeswekile eneathom zeklorin. Olu hlengahlengiso luthintela umzimba ukuba ungawuxubanisi, okukhokelela kwimpembelelo yekhalori engafanelekanga. I-Sucralose ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-sweetener ezimeleyo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokutya kunye neziselo, kubandakanya iisoda zokutya, izinto ezibhakiweyo, kunye neemveliso zobisi.
Ezi zimuncumuncu zokwenziwa zibonelela ngokhetho lwabantu abafuna ukunciphisa iswekile kunye nokutya okunekhalori ngelixa besonwabela ukutya okunencasa okuswiti kunye neziselo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuzisebenzisa ngokumodareyitha kwaye uqwalasele iimeko zempilo zomntu ngamnye xa uzibandakanya kwisondlo esilungeleleneyo.
III. Utywala beswekile
Iziselo ezinxilisayo zeswekile, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyols, luhlobo lwe-sweetener eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwezinye iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kodwa inokuveliswa ngokurhweba. Zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeendawo zeswekile kwiimveliso ezingenaswekile kunye neekhalori eziphantsi. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-erythritol, i-xylitol, kunye ne-sorbitol.
A. Erythritol
I-Erythritol butywala beswekile eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwiziqhamo ezithile kunye nokutya okubilisiweyo. Ikwaveliswa ngokurhweba kwi-fermentation yeglucose ngegwele. I-Erythritol imalunga ne-70% eneswiti njengeswekile kwaye inesiphumo sokupholisa ulwimi xa isetyenzisiwe, efana ne-mint. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-erythritol kukuba iphantsi kakhulu kwiikhalori kwaye inempembelelo encinci kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi, iyenza idume phakathi kwabantu abalandela ukutya okune-carb ephantsi okanye i-ketogenic. Ukongezelela, i-erythritol inyamezeleke kakuhle ngabantu abaninzi kwaye ayibangeli ukuphazamiseka kokugaya okunokudibaniswa nezinye ii-alcohols zeswekile. Idla ngokusetyenziswa njengendawo yeswekile endaweni yokubhaka, iziselo, kunye nanjengetafile yeswiti.
B. Mannitol
IMannitol butywala beswekile eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Imalunga nama-60% ukuya kuma-70% njengeswiti njengeswekile kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa njengesixa seswekile eninzi kwiimveliso ezingenaswekile kunye nezincitshisiweyo. IMannitol inesiphumo sokupholisa xa isetyenzisiwe kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwitshungama, iilekese eziqinileyo, kunye neemveliso zamayeza. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-laxative engakhuthaziyo ngenxa yokukwazi ukutsala amanzi kwi-colon, inceda kwiintshukumo zamathumbu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-mannitol kunokukhokelela ekungakhululeki kwesisu kunye nohudo kwabanye abantu.
C. Xylitol
I-Xylitol butywala beswekile obuqhele ukutsalwa kumthi we-birch okanye uveliswe kwezinye izinto zezityalo ezifana nezikhwebu zombona. Iphantse ibeswiti njengeswekile kwaye inenkangeleko yencasa efanayo, iyenza ithathe indawo yeswekile edumileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. I-Xylitol inomthamo wekhalori esezantsi kuneswekile kwaye inempembelelo encinci kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi, iyenza ilungele abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye abo balandela ukutya okune-carb ephantsi. I-Xylitol yaziwa ngokukwazi ukuthintela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya, ngakumbi iStreptococcus mutans, enokuthi ibe negalelo ekuboleni kwamazinyo. Le propati yenza i-xylitol ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwiintsini ezingenaswekile, i-mints, kunye neemveliso zokunakekelwa ngomlomo.
D. Maltitol
IMaltitol butywala beswekile obuqhele ukusetyenziswa njengendawo yeswekile kwimveliso engenaswekile kunye nencitshisiweyo. Imalunga ne-90% eneswiti njengeswekile kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngobuninzi kunye nobumnandi kwizicelo ezifana netshokholethi, iiconfections, kunye neempahla ezibhakiweyo. I-Maltitol inencasa efanayo kunye nokuthungwa kweswekile, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokudala iinguqulelo ezingenaswekile zokunyanga kwesintu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-maltitol kunokukhokelela ekuphatheni kakubi kwesisu kunye nemiphumo ye-laxative, ngakumbi kubantu abanomdla kutywala beswekile.
Ezi nxili zeswekile zibonelela ngeendlela ezizezinye zeswekile yesintu kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukutya kwabo iswekile okanye ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Xa isetyenziswe ngokumodareyitha, i-alcohols yeswekile ingaba yinxalenye yokutya okunokulinganisela kunye nokunempilo kubantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukunyamezela komntu kunye nazo naziphi na iziphumo ezinokubakho zokugaya ukutya xa uzibandakanya ekutyeni.
IV. IiSweeteners ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga
Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga zibhekisa kwii-ajenti zeswiti ezingasetyenziswanga kakhulu okanye ezifumaneka kurhwebo. Ezi zinokubandakanya iikhompawundi zendalo okanye izicatshulwa ezineempawu zobumnandi ezingafumanekiyo njengesiqhelo kwimarike. Imizekelo inokubandakanya i-mogroside evela kwi-monk fruit, i-thaumatin evela kwisiqhamo se-katemfe, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeswekile ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-L-arabinose kunye ne-L-fucose.
A. L-Arabinose
I-L-arabinose yishukela ye-pentose eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, efumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwizinto zezityalo ezifana ne-hemicellulose kunye ne-pectin. Yiswekile enqabileyo kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa njenge-sweetener kwishishini lokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ifumene ingqwalasela kwiinzuzo zayo zempilo, kubandakanywa nendima yayo ekuvimbeleni ukufunxwa kwe-sucrose yokutya kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-postprandial ye-glucose yegazi. I-L-arabinose ifundwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ekulawuleni amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokuxhasa ukulawula ubunzima. Nangona uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yalo kwimpilo yabantu, i-L-arabinose i-sweetener enomdla kunye nezicelo ezinokubakho ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ezinempilo enempilo.
B. L-Fucose
I-L-fucose yiswekile ene-deoxy efumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yendalo, kuquka i-brown seaweeds, i-fungi ethile, kunye nobisi lwe-mammalian. Nangona ingasetyenziswanga njenge-sweetener, i-L-fucose ifundwe ngezibonelelo zayo zempilo ezinokubakho, ngakumbi ekuxhaseni umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba kunye ne-prebiotic yeebhaktheriya eziluncedo zamathumbu. Ikwaphandwa ngeempawu zayo zokuchasa ukudumba kunye ne-anti-tumor. Ngenxa yesiganeko esinqabileyo kunye nemiphumo yempilo enokubakho, i-L-fucose yindawo enomdla wophando oluqhubekayo kwiinkalo zesondlo kunye nempilo.
C. L-Rhamnose
I-L-rhamnose yi-sugar deoxy eyenzeka ngokwemvelo efumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yezityalo, kuquka iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nezityalo zonyango. Ngelixa ingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi njenge-sweetener, i-L-rhamnose ifundwe ngeempawu zayo ze-prebiotic, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya eziluncedo zamathumbu kunye nokuxhasa impilo yokugaya. Ukongezelela, i-L-rhamnose iphononongwa ngenxa yezicelo zayo ezinokuthi zilwe nosulelo lwebhaktheriya kunye ne-anti-inflammatory agent. Ukunqaba kwayo kunye neenzuzo zempilo ezinokuthi zenze ukuba i-L-rhamnose ibe yindawo enomdla yophando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekutyeni nasekufakeni ukongeza.
D. Mogroside V
I-Mogroside V yikhompawundi efumaneka kwisiqhamo se-Siraitia grosvenorii, eyaziwa njenge-monk fruit. Yinto enqabileyo kwaye yenzeka ngokwemvelo iswiti esiswiti kakhulu kuneswekile, nto leyo esenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo njengendawo yendalo yeswekile. I-Mogroside V ifundwe ngezibonelelo zayo zempilo ezinokuthi zibe khona, kubandakanywa iipropati ze-antioxidant kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuxhasa ukulawulwa kweswekile yegazi. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye izimuncumuncu ukunyusa ubumnandi ngelixa inciphisa umxholo weswekile jikelele ekutyeni nakwiziselo. Ngomdla okhulayo kwi-sweeteners yendalo, i-mogroside V ifumene ingqalelo kwincasa yayo ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zibe nokukhuthaza impilo.
E. Thaumatin
I-Thaumatin yi-sweetener esekelwe kwiprotheni evela kwisiqhamo sesityalo se-katemfe (Thaumatococcus daniellii). Inencasa eswiti kwaye iswiti kakhulu kuneswekile, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngamaqondo amancinane njengendawo yeswekile. I-Thaumatin inoncedo lokuba nencasa ecocekileyo, neswiti ngaphandle kwencasa ekrakra ehlala idityaniswa nezimuncumuncu ezenziweyo. Ikwanobushushu obuzinzileyo, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lokutya kunye nezicelo zesiselo. Ukongeza, i-thaumatin ifundelwa iinzuzo zayo zempilo ezinokuthi zibekho, kubandakanywa iipropathi zayo ze-antimicrobial kunye ne-antioxidant, kunye nendima yayo enokubakho kulawulo lokutya.
Ezi zinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga ze-sweeteners zibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukileyo kunye neenzuzo ezinokuthi zibekho zempilo, zibenza zibe yindawo yomdla wophando olongezelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwishishini lokutya nesiselo. Ngelixa zisenokungaqondwa ngokubanzi njengezinto eziswiti zesiNtu, iipropathi zazo ezizodwa kunye neziphumo zempilo ezinokubakho zizenza zibenokhetho olunomdla kubantu abafuna ezinye iindlela ezisempilweni zokuthambisa.
V. I-Sweeteners yendalo
Izimuncumuncu zendalo zizinto eziphuma kwizityalo okanye kweminye imithombo yendalo esetyenziselwa ukwenza iswikethi ukutya kunye neziselo. Zihlala zijongwa njengezinye iindlela ezinempilo kunezinye izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo kunye neswekile. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-stevia, iTrehalose, ubusi, incindi yeagave, kunye nesiraphu yemaple.
A. Stevioside
I-Stevioside siswiti sendalo esiphuma kumagqabi esityalo seStevia rebaudiana, esiphuma eMzantsi Melika. Iyaziwa ngobumnandi bayo obugqithisileyo, malunga namaxesha angama-150-300 amnandi kuneswekile yesintu, ngelixa iphantsi kweekhalori. I-Stevioside iye yafumana ukuthandwa njengebambela leswekile ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo yendalo kunye neenzuzo zempilo ezinokubakho. Ayinagalelo ekunyukeni kwamanqanaba eglucose yegazi, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela okanye abo bafuna ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Ukongeza, i-stevioside ifundwe ngendima yayo enokubakho ekuxhaseni ulawulo lobunzima kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutya kwamazinyo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokutya kunye neziselo, kubandakanya neziselo ezithambileyo, iyogathi, kunye neempahla ezibhakiweyo, njengenye indlela yendalo kwiswekile yesintu. I-Stevioside yaziwa ngokubanzi njengekhuselekile (GRAS) yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kwaye yamkelwe ukuba isetyenziswe njengeswiti kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele.
B. Trehalose
I-Trehalose yiswekile ye-disaccharide yendalo efumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amakhowa, ubusi, kunye nezidalwa ezithile zaselwandle. Iqulethwe ngama-athomu amabini e-glucose kwaye iyaziwa ngokukwazi ukugcina umswakama kunye nokukhusela isakhiwo seeseli, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-arhente yokuzinzisa ekutyeni nakwimveliso yamayeza. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zayo zokusebenza, i-trehalose ikwabonisa incasa emnandi, malunga ne-45-50% yobumnandi beswekile yesintu. I-Trehalose ifumene ingqalelo kwiinzuzo zayo zempilo ezinokuthi zibekho, kubandakanywa nendima yayo njengomthombo wamandla womsebenzi weselula kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuxhasa ukukhuselwa kwamaselula kunye nokomelela. Iyafundelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ekukhuthazeni impilo yolusu, ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nempilo yentliziyo. Njenge-sweetener, i-trehalose isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-ayisikrimu, i-confectionery, kunye nempahla ebhakiweyo, kwaye ixabiswa ngokukwazi kwayo ukuphucula incasa kunye nokuthungwa ngelixa inegalelo kumgangatho jikelele weemveliso zokutya.
Ezi zimuncumuncu zendalo, i-stevioside kunye ne-trehalose, zibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukileyo kunye neengenelo zempilo ezinokubakho, zizenza zibe ziinketho ezidumileyo kubantu abafuna ezinye iindlela zokuswiti ezisempilweni. Imvelaphi yabo yendalo kunye nezicelo eziguquguqukayo ekutyeni kunye neemveliso zesiselo ziye zafaka isandla ekusetyenzisweni kwazo ngokubanzi kunye nokubhenela phakathi kwabathengi abafuna ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweswekile yendabuko. Ukongezelela, uphando oluqhubekayo luqhubeka luhlola iindima zabo ezinokuthi zixhase impilo yonke kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
VI. Ukuthelekiswa kweSweeteners
A. Iziphumo zempilo: Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo:
I-Aspartame: I-Aspartame iye yaba sisiswiti esinempikiswano, kunye nezifundo ezithile ezibonisa amakhonkco anokubakho kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Iyaziwa njengeswiti kakhulu kuneswekile kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa indawo yeswekile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kunye neemveliso zesiselo.
I-Acesulfame potassium: I-Acesulfame potassium sisiyobisi esingeyo-caloric eyenziweyo. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye izimuncumuncu kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Uphando kwiziphumo zalo zezempilo zexesha elide luyaqhubeka.
I-Sucralose: I-Sucralose siswiti esithandwayo esifumaneka kwiikhalori ezininzi ezisezantsi kunye neemveliso ezingenaswekile. Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kobushushu kwaye ifanelekile ukubhaka. Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa, ezinye izifundo ziphakamise imibuzo malunga neziphumo zempilo ezinokubakho.
Iziselo ezinxilisayo zeswekile:
I-Erythritol: I-Erythritol butywala beswekile obufumaneka ngokwemvelo kwezinye iziqhamo kunye nokutya okubilisiweyo. Iqulethe phantse iikhalori kwaye ayichaphazeli amanqanaba eswekile yegazi, iyenza ibe siswiti esithandwayo kwabo batya ukutya okune-carb ephantsi.
I-Mannitol: I-Mannitol butywala beswekile obusetyenziswa njenge-sweetener kunye ne-filler. Imalunga nesiqingatha seswekile njengeswekile kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintsika ezingenaswekile neelekese zeswekile.
I-Xylitol: I-Xylitol yenye i-alcohol yeswekile esetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendawo yeswekile. Inencasa eswiti efana neswekile kwaye iyaziwa ngezibonelelo zayo zamazinyo njengoko inokunceda ukukhusela imingxuma. I-Maltitol: I-Maltitol isiselo esinxilisayo seswekile esisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ezingenaswekile, kodwa inomxholo ophezulu we-caloric kunezinye i-alcohols. Inencasa eswiti kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa njengeswiti esininzi kwiilekese ezingenaswekile kunye nezimuncumuncu.
Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga:
I-L-arabinose, i-L-fucose, i-L-rhamnose: Ezi zishukela ezinqabileyo zinophando olulinganiselweyo kwimiphumo yazo yezempilo, kodwa azisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi njenge-sweeteners kwiimveliso zorhwebo.
I-Mogroside: Ephuma kwisiqhamo se-monk, i-mogroside yi-sweetener yendalo emnandi kakhulu kuneswekile. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe aseAsia kwaye iya ithandwa kakhulu njenge-sweetener yendalo kwishishini lezempilo.
I-Thaumatin: I-Thaumatin sisimuncumuncu seprotheyini yendalo ephuma kwisiqhamo se-katemfe saseNtshona Afrika. Iyaziwa ngencasa yayo eswiti kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa njengesilungisi sendalo esimnandi kunye nencasa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo.
Izimuncumuncu zendalo:
I-Steviol glycosides: I-Steviol glycosides yi-glycosides ekhutshwa kumagqabi esityalo seStevia. Iyaziwa ngencasa yayo eswiti ebukhali kwaye isetyenziswe njengesimuncumuncu sendalo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kunye neemveliso zesiselo.
I-Trehalose: I-Trehalose yi-disaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo efumaneka kwizinto eziphilayo, kuquka izityalo kunye ne-microorganisms. Iyaziwa ngokukwazi ukuzinzisa iiprotheni kwaye isetyenziswe njenge-sweetener kunye ne-stabilizer ekutyeni okucutshungulwayo.
B. Ubumnandi:
Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziswiti kakhulu kuneswekile, kwaye inqanaba lobumnandi bohlobo ngalunye liyahluka. Ngokomzekelo, i-aspartame kunye ne-sucralose ziswiti kakhulu kuneswekile, ngoko ke amanani amancinci angasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa inqanaba lobumnandi obufunekayo. Ubumnandi botywala beshukela bufana noshukela, ubumnandi be-erythritol malunga ne-60-80% ye-sucrose, kunye nobumnandi be-xylitol bufana noshukela.
Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-mogroside kunye ne-thaumatin ziyaziwa ngobumnandi bazo obugqithisileyo, amaxesha amaninzi ngamakhulu amaxesha anamandla kuneswekile. Izimuncumuncu zendalo ezifana ne-stevia kunye ne-trehalose nazo ziswiti kakhulu. I-Stevia imalunga nama-200-350 amaxesha amnandi kuneswekile, ngelixa i-trehalose imalunga ne-45-60% njengeswiti njenge-sucrose.
C. izicelo ezifanelekileyo:
Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezingenaswekile okanye ezineekhalori ezisezantsi, kubandakanywa iziselo, iimveliso zobisi, izinto ezibhakiweyo, kunye neetafile ze-tabletop sweeteners. Utywala beswekile budla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintsika ezingenaswekile, iilekese, kunye nezinye iimveliso zeconfectionery, kunye nokutya okulungele abantu abanesifo seswekile. Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga ezifana nemogroside kunye nethaumatin zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kunye neemveliso zesiselo kunye nakwishishini lamayeza kunye nezongezo zokutya.
Izimuncumuncu zendalo ezifana ne-stevia kunye ne-trehalose zisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neziselo ezithambileyo, izimuncumuncu, kunye namanzi anencasa, kunye nasekutyeni okucutshungulweyo okufana nezimuncumuncu kunye nezinzinzi. Besebenzisa olu lwazi, umntu ngamnye unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuba zeziphi na iiswiti ekufuneka bazifake kwizidlo zabo kunye neeresiphi ezisekelwe kwiziphumo zempilo, amanqanaba okuswiti, kunye nosetyenziso olufanelekileyo.
VII. Iingqwalasela kunye neeNgcebiso
A. Izithintelo zokutya:
Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, kunye ne-Sucralose zisetyenziswa kakhulu kodwa zisenokungafaneleki kubantu abane-phenylketonuria, isifo esizuzwa njengelifa esithintela ukophuka kwe-phenylalanine, icandelo le-aspartame.
Utywala beswekile:
I-Erythritol, i-Mannitol, i-Xylitol, kunye ne-Maltitol yi-alcohol yeswekile enokubangela imiba yokugaya ukutya efana ne-bloating kunye ne-diarrhea kwabanye abantu, ngoko ke abo banovelwano kufuneka basebenzise ngononophelo.
Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, kunye ne-Thaumatin azixhaphakanga kwaye zisenokungabi nazithintelo ezithile zokutya, kodwa abantu abanobuthathaka okanye abamelene nabo kufuneka bahlale bejongana nomboneleli wezempilo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Izimuncumuncu zendalo:
I-Stevioside kunye ne-Trehalose ziswiti zendalo kwaye zinyamezeleka kakuhle, kodwa abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango kufuneka badibane nomboneleli wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba bazifake kwisidlo sabo.
B. Ukusetyenziswa okuLungileyo kwiiSweeteners ezahlukeneyo:
Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, kunye ne-Sucralose zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-sodas yokutya, iimveliso ezingenaswekile, kunye ne-tabletop sweeteners.
Utywala beswekile:
I-Erythritol, iXylitol, kunye neMannitol ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiilekese ezingenaswekile, itshungama, kunye neemveliso ezinobuhlobo kwisifo seswekile ngenxa yempembelelo yazo ephantsi kwiswekile yegazi.
Izimuncumuncu ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, kunye ne-Thaumatin inokufumaneka ekutyeni okukhethekileyo okunempilo, i-sweeteners yendalo, kunye ne-sugar substitutes kwiimveliso ezikhethiweyo.
Izimuncumuncu zendalo:
I-Stevioside kunye ne-Trehalose zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizimuncumuncu zendalo, iimveliso zokubhaka ezikhethekileyo, kunye nezinto ezithatha indawo yeswekile kukutya okunenkathalo zempilo kunye neziselo.
C. Kutheni iiSweeteners zeNdalo zingcono?
Izimuncumuncu zendalo zihlala zibonwa zingcono kunezo zisweneti ezenziweyo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
Uncedo lweMpilo: Izimuncumuncu zendalo ziphuma kwizityalo okanye kwimithombo yendalo kwaye kaninzi azilungiswa kancinci kunezo zokwenziwa. Ziyakwazi ukuquka izondlo ezongezelelweyo kunye ne-phytochemicals ezinokubonelela ngeenzuzo zempilo.
Isalathiso seGlycemic esezantsi: Uninzi lwezimuncumuncu zendalo zineempembelelo ezisezantsi kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi xa kuthelekiswa neeswekile ezisulungekisiweyo kunye nezimuncumuncu zokwenziwa, zizenza zilungele abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye abo bajonge amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.
Izongezo ezimbalwa: Izimuncumuncu zendalo zihlala zinezongezo kunye neekhemikhali ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo, ezinokuba nomtsalane kubantu abafuna ukutya kwendalo kunye nokucutshungulwa kancinci.
Isibheno seLebhile ecocekileyo: Izimuncumuncu zendalo zihlala zinezibheno "zeeleyibhile ecocekileyo", okuthetha ukuba zibonwa njengendalo ngakumbi kwaye zisempilweni ngabathengi abazaziyo izithako ekutyeni nakwiziselo zabo.
Okunokwenzeka kuMxholo weCaloric esezantsi: Ezinye izimuncumuncu zendalo, ezifana ne-stevia kunye neziqhamo zemonki, zineekhalori ezisezantsi kakhulu okanye azinazo iikhalori kwaphela, zibenza babe nomtsalane kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa iikhalori zabo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa izimuncumuncu zendalo zineenzuzo ezinokubakho, ukumodareyitha ngundoqo ekutyeni naluphi na uhlobo lwesimuncumuncu, sendalo okanye esenziweyo. Ukongeza, abanye abantu banokuba novelwano okanye bangawalisi kwizinto ezithile zendalo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zempilo kunye nezinto ozikhethayo xa ukhetha iswidi.
D. Uzithenga phi iiSweeteners zeNdalo?
I-BIOWAY ORGANIC isebenza kwi-R&D yeeswiti ukusukela ngo-2009 kwaye sinokubonelela ngezi zimuncumuncu zendalo zilandelayo:
I-Stevia: Isityalo esisekelwe kwi-sweetener, i-stevia ithathwe kumagqabi esityalo se-stevia kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-zero calories kunye ne-potency ephezulu yobumnandi.
I-Monk Fruit Extract: Ephuma kwisiqhamo se-monk, le nto ye-sweetener yendalo ine-index ye-glycemic ephantsi kwaye isityebi kwi-antioxidants.
I-Xylitol: I-alcohol yeswekile evela kwizityalo, i-xylitol ine-low glycemic index kwaye iyaziwa ngokukwazi kwayo ukunceda ukugcina impilo yomlomo.
I-Erythritol: Enye i-alcohol yeswekile, i-erythritol ivela kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwaye inomxholo ophantsi kweekhalori.
I-Inulin: I-prebiotic fiber evela kwizityalo, i-inulin yi-sweetener enekhalori ephantsi etyebileyo kwizondlo kwaye inceda ukuxhasa impilo yokwetyisa.
Sazise nje imfuno yakho aphagrace@biowaycn.com.
VIII. Ukuqukumbela
Kuyo yonke le ngxoxo, siye saphonononga iindidi ngeendidi zezimuncumuncu zendalo kunye neempawu zazo ezizodwa. Ukusuka kwi-stevia ukuya kwi-monk fruit extract, i-xylitol, i-erythritol, kunye ne-inulin, i-sweetener nganye inikezela ngeenzuzo ezithile, nokuba ngumxholo wekhalori we-zero, i-glycemic index ephantsi, okanye izinto ezongezelelweyo zezempilo ezifana ne-antioxidants okanye inkxaso yokugaya. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimuncumuncu zendalo kunokunceda abathengi benze ukhetho olunolwazi oluhambelana nempilo yabo kunye nendlela abaphila ngayo.
Njengabathengi, ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi malunga neeswiti esizisebenzisayo kubalulekile kwimpilo yethu kunye nokuba sempilweni. Ngokufunda malunga neentlobo ngeentlobo zeeswiti zendalo ezikhoyo kunye noncedo lwazo ngokwahlukeneyo, sinokwenza izigqibo eziqondayo ezixhasa iinjongo zethu zokutya. Nokuba kukunciphisa ukutya kwethu iswekile, ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi, okanye ukufuna ezinye iindlela ezisempilweni, ukukhetha izimuncumuncu zendalo kunokuba nefuthe elihle kwimpilo yethu iyonke. Masiqhubeke siphonononga kwaye samkele ubutyebi bokhetho lwendalo olumnandi olukhoyo, sizixhobise ngolwazi lokwenza olona khetho lufanelekileyo lwemizimba yethu kunye nempilo yethu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-05-2024
