Intshayelelo
I-Phospholipids yiklasi yee-lipids ezizinto ezibalulekileyo zeeseli zeseli kwaye zinesakhiwo esikhethekileyo esinentloko ye-hydrophobic kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic. Uhlobo lwe-ampic ye-phospholipid ivumela ukuba benze ii-bilid ze-lipid, ezisisiseko se-membranes zeseli. Iphospholipps iqulunqwe nge-glyborone, amabini atyebileyo anamafutha, kunye neqela le-phosphate, amaqela ahlukeneyo aqhotyoshelwe kwi-phosphate. Eli sakhiwo linika i-phospholipids ukuba libe nokudibana kubafundi bee-lipid kunye ne-vesicles, ebaluleke kakhulu kwingqibelelo kunye nomsebenzi we-vemgrane yebhayoloji.
Iphospholipids idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yepropathi yawo eyahlukileyo, kubandakanya ukwenziwa, i-solbilization, kunye neziphumo zokuzinzisa. Kwishishini lokutya, iiphospholipps zisetyenziswa njenge-enulsifiers kunye nokuzinzisa ukutya okucwangcisiweyo, kunye nezithako zesondlo ngenxa yezibonelelo zempilo ezinokubakho. Kwi-cosmetics, phospholipids isetyenziselwa ukuqina kwabo nokutyisa ukurhafisa, kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwezithako ezisebenzayo kwimveliso yolusu kunye neemveliso zononophelo lomntu. Ukongeza, phospholipid zinezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ze-chimeruticals, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokuziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuqulunqwa, ngenxa yokwazi kwabo ukuhambisa kunye nokuhambisa iziyobisi kwiithagethi ezithile emzimbeni.
II. Indima yePhosphelipids ekutyeni
A. Ukuthandwa kunye nokuzinzisa iipropathi
Iphospholipps isebenza njenge-enulsifiers ebalulekileyo kumzi-mveliso wokutya ngenxa yemo yabo ye-ampringhicilic. Oku kubavumela ukuba banxibelelane namanzi kunye neoyile, ibenza babe nempumelelo ekuzinzeni u-Ealsions, ezinje nge-mayonnaise, impahla yesaladi, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Intloko ye-hydrophilic ye-phospholipid molecule itsaleleka emanzini, ngelixa imisila ye-hydrophobic igxothwe yiyo, ikhokelela ekubekweni kweoli kunye namanzi. Le ndawo inceda ukukhusela ukwahluka kwaye ugcine usasazo lwezinto ezifumaneka kwiimveliso zokutya.
B. Sebenzisa ukwenziwa kokutya kunye nemveliso
Iphospholipps isetyenziswa ekuqhubekekeni kokutya kwiipropathi zabo zomsebenzi, kubandakanya nokukwazi kwabo ukuguqula ubume, ukuphucula ubume be-viscosity, kunye nokuzinza kweemveliso zokutya. Ziqhelekile kwimveliso yeempahla ezibhakiweyo, i-confectionery, kunye neemveliso zobisi ukukhulisa umgangatho kunye nobomi beshelufa yeemveliso zokugqibela. Ukongeza, phospholipids zisetyenziswa njengeearhente zokulwa nokunamathela ekuqhubeni inyama, iinkukhu, kunye neemveliso zefousi.
C. Izibonelelo zezeMpilo kunye nezicelo zesondlo
Iphospholipid igalelo kumgangatho wesondlo sokutya njengezixhobo zendalo kwimithombo emininzi yokutya, njengamaqanda, iimbotyi zesoya, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Babonwa ngezibonelelo zabo zempilo, kubandakanya nendima yabo kwisakhiwo seselula kunye nomsebenzi, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nengqondo. Iphospholipps iphinde yaphandwa ngamandla abo ukuphucula i-lipid metabolism kunye nentliziyo yentliziyo.
III. Izicelo zePhosphelipids kwi-cosmetics
A. Ukuthintela kunye neziphumo zokunyathela
Iphospholipps isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-cosmetics kunye neemveliso zononophelo zomntu kwimiphumo yazo eqingqiweyo kunye nokunyathela. Ngenxa yemo yabo ye-amppilic, phospholipids iyakwazi ukwenza ii-emsuls ezizinzileyo, zivumela izithako zamanzi kunye nezithako ezisekwe kwioyile ukuxuba, zikhokelela kwiikhrim kunye nezilonda ezigudileyo, ezifanayo. Ukongeza, ubume obukhethekileyo beephospholipid busebenza ukuba bakwazi ukulinganisa i-lipid yendalo yendalo, ukunyibilikisa ulusu kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi, nto leyo eyingenelo yokugcina i-hydration yolusu kunye nokuthintela ukomelela.
Iphospholipids ezinje nge-lecithin isetyenzisiwe njenge-EMULSISISER kunye nabanyibilikisi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-cosmetic kunye nezikhumba, kubandakanywa iikhrim, izilonda, kunye nelanga. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphucula ukuthungwa, ukuziva, kwaye iipropathi zokunyathela kwezi mveliso zibenza zibe nezithako ezixabisekileyo kumashishini okutya.
B. Ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwezithako ezisebenzayo
Iphospholiids idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukuhanjiswa kwezithako ezisebenzayo kwi-cosmetic kunye nefomu yolusu. Amandla abo okuba i-liposomes, vesicle equlunqwe i-phospholipid bilayers, ivumela ukungqinisisa kunye nokukhuselwa kweengqungquthela ezisebenzayo, ezinjengeevithamini, kunye nezinye izithako ezifanelekileyo. Oku kucekeceka kunceda ekuphuculeni uzinzo, bhazulo, kunye nokuhanjiswa okujolise kula machiza asebenzayo kulusu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kwiimveliso ze-cosmetic kunye ne-skeccare.
Ngaphaya koko, iinkqubo zokuhambisa iphospholipid zisetyenziselwe ukoyisa imiceli mngeni yokuhambisa imiceleko yokuhambisa i-hydrophobic kunye ne-hydrophilic esebenzayo, ebangela ukuba abaphethe izikrelemnqa abakuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ezibanzi zezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ifomu ye-liposomal equkethwe i-phospholikis iqeshwe ngokubanzi ekuthandeni, ukulungisa ukulungisa izinto, kunye nokulungisa ulusu, apho banokuhambisa izithako ezisebenzayo kwiindawo ezijolise kuzo.
C. Indima kwi-SkerCare kunye neeMveliso zoKhathalelo lobuqu
Iphospholipids idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yolusu kunye neemveliso zobuqu, igalelo ekusebenzeni kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Ukongeza kwimithetho yawo yokuphelisa, ukunyathela ukuntywila, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweendawo, i-phospholidids ikwabonelela ngezibonelelo ezinjengokhuseleko lolusu, ukhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa. Ezi molekyuli zenguqulelo eziguquguqukayo zinokunceda ukuphucula amava kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso ze-cosmetic, zibethelela izithako ezithandwayo kwifomu ye-skercare.
Ukufakwa kwe-phospholipids kwi-SkesCare kunye neemveliso zobuqu kuye kwadlulela ngaphaya kwee-moustriers kunye neekhrim, njengoko zisetyenziswa nakwiicoca, ilanga, ilanga, kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lweenwele. Indalo yabo yobuninzi ebalekayo ibavumela ukuba bakwazi ukujongana nezidingo zolusu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenwele, ukubonelela ngezibonelelo zoncedo kunye nezibonelelo zonyango kubathengi.
Iv. UKUSETYENZISWA KWE-PHOSHOLIPIDS KWIPHEPHA LOKUGQIBELA
A. Ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuqulunqwa
I-phospholipid idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezelweni kweziyobisi zamachiza kunye nokuqulunqwa ngenxa yemo yabo ye-ampriceli, ebavumela ukuba benze i-Ampricelic yeNdalo, evumela ukuba abafundi be-lipile kunye namachiza ama-hydrophilic. Le ndawo yenza ukuba i-phospholipids yokuphucula ukubenzela iziqu, uzinzo, kunye nokuzifumana iziyobisi ezinyibilikayo, ekhuthaza amandla abo ekusebenziseni unyango. Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwiziyobisi ezisekwe kwiziyobisi zinokukhusela iziyobisi kwi-Degratity, i-Kinetics ekhuphayo, kwaye zijolise kwiiseli ezithile okanye izicubu, igalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweziyobisi.
Ukukwazi kwe-phospholipid ukwenza izakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo, ezinje ngee-liposomes kunye nemilukene, kuye kwaxhanyiswa ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwamayeza, kubandakanya neefomu zomlomo. Ifomud esekwe kwiLipid, enjenge-emulsoons, i-nanopalicals eqinileyo, kunye nokuzimisela ukuzimela iziyobisi, ihlala ifaka i-phospipids ukoyisa imiceli mngeni kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zonyango lweemveliso zamayeza.
B. Iinkqubo zokuhambisa iziyobisi
Iinkqubo zokuhambisa i-limposomal zingumzekelo obalaseleyo wokuba zisetyenziswa njani phospids kwizicelo zamayeza. I-LIPOSOMS, equatwe yi-phospholipid yee-phospholiselid, banokwazi ukuhambisa amachiza ngaphakathi okanye abanquli bee-lipid, abanika indawo yokukhusela kunye nokulawula ukukhululwa kwamachiza. Ezi nkqubo zokuhambisa iziyobisi zinokulungiswa ekuphuculeni ukuhanjiswa kwezichiza ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iiarhente zokuhlaselwa kwe-chemotheutic, ii-antibiotics, kunye nezitofu zokuhamba ixesha elide, kwaye zinciphise ityhefu yezicubu ezithile okanye iiseli ezithile.
Ukusebenza kwezinto ze-liposomes kuvumela ukumoda kobukhulu besayizi, intlawulo, kunye nezinto ezingaphezulu zokwenza ukuba ilayiti yechiza, uzinzo, kunye nokusasazwa kwezicubu. Olu buthumelo lukhokelele kuphuhliso lwefomu ye-liposomal evunyiweyo ye-leposomal yezicelo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwe-phospholipids ekuqhubeleni phambili itekhnoloji yokuhambisa iziyobisi.
C. Izicelo ezinokubakho kuphando lonyango kunye nonyango
Iphospholipps ibambelela kwizicelo zophando kunye nonyango ngaphaya kweenkqubo zokuhambisa iziyobisi. Ukukwazi kwabo ukunxibelelana ne-membrane kunye neemodyuli zeselula iinkqubo zeselula zibonisa amathuba obuchule bokuphuhlisa izicwangciso-qhinga zeNovel. Ifospid-esekwe kwifospholipid ikhutshelwe amandla abo ekujolise kuyo indlela ye-IntraceLlay, i-Imongola yemozulu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweearhente ezibanzi kwiindawo ezifana nonyango oluhlaza, iyeza elihlaziyiweyo lomhlaza.
Ngaphaya koko, phospholipps ihlolwe ngendima yazo yokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kweziculi kunye nokukhulisa, ukubonisa amandla okuphiliswa kwenxeba, ubunjineli bobuchwephesha, kunye neyeza lokuhlaziya. Amandla abo okulinganisa imizobo ye-membrane yendalo kwaye enxibelelana neenkqubo zebhayoloji yenza phospholiids i-phospholipid i-oveevenuevenues ethembekileyo yokuqhubela phambili kophando nonyango.
V. Imiceli mngeni kunye nezikhokelo ezizayo
A. Ukuqwalaselwa kolawulo kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipids ekutyeni, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza abonisa ukuba kuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Kwishishini lokutya, iiphospholipids zisetyenziswa njenge-EMULSIFIRs, izilo zokuzinza, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa zezinto ezisebenzayo. Amaziko olawulo, anjengokutya kunye nolawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) e-United States kunye nogunyaziso lwezokhuseleko lokutya ukutya eYurophu (i-EFSA) eYurophu, enyamekela ukhuseleko lweemveliso zokutya ezineePhospholipps. Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izongezelelo zokutya zephospholipid zikhuselekile ekusetyenzisweni kwaye ziyahambelana nemigaqo emiselweyo.
Kumzi-mveliso we-cosmetics, phospholipids zisetyenziswa kwi-Skercare, ukhathalelo lweenwele, kunye neemveliso zononophelo zobuqu ze-emollient, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuphucula ubume bolusu. Iiarhente zolawulo, ezinje ngemigaqo ye-European Union kunye nolawulo lwe-US kunye nolawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA), ibeka iliso khuseleko kunye neelebheli zeemveliso ze-cosmetic ezinokuthathela ukhuseleko lwabathengi. Uvavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nezifundo zetyhefu zenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe iprofayili yokhuseleko yeFosmelipid izithako zokucoca.
Kwicandelo lamayeza, ukhuseleko lwezokhuseleko kunye nokuzihlaziya kwephospipids kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa iziyobisi, ifomu ye-liposomal, kunye nabanelisa. Abasemagunyeni abalawulayo, njenge-FDA kunye ne-Arhente yaseYurophu yaseYurophu (i-EMA), vavanya ukhuseleko, ukusebenza ngokukuko, kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zamayeza ezineePhosi ezingqongqo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo lwekliniki. Iinkxalabo zokhuseleko ezinxulunyaniswa ne-phospholipids kumachiza amayeza ngokuyintloko zijikeleza ubungozi, kulumkile, kunye nokuhambelana nezinto zeziyobisi.
B. Iindlela ezivelayo kunye nezinto ezintsha
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipids ekutyeni, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza ahlangabezana neendlela ezivelayo kunye nophuhliso oluhle. Kwishishini lokutya, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipids njengama-emulsifiers yendalo kunye nokuzinzisa kufuna imbambano, eqhutywa yimfuno yokukhula kweleyibheli ecocekileyo kunye nezithako zendalo. Itekhnoloji yobutsha, ezinjenge-Nanonolosions izinziswe yi-phospholipids, ziphononongwa ukomeleza ukubethwa nokungafumaneki kwamacandelo okutya okusebenzayo, ezinjengeevili ze-bimamins.
Kumzi-mveliso we-cosmetics, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipids kwiziko eliphambili lesikhumba yindlela ebalaseleyo, kugxilwe kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa ii-lipid kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa kwesikhuseli esisebenzayo. Ifomula ebandakanya i-phospholipid i-phospholipid i-phospid, ezinjenge-zeposomes kunye ne-NLCSTard I-APREERS (i-NLCs), igalelo kwi-antiction nge-Anti-al, ukukhuselwa kwelanga, kunye neemveliso zelanga.
Ngaphakathi kwicandelo lamachiza, iindlela ezivelayo kunikezelo olusekwe kwi-phospholipid eqokelela amayeza abucala, unyango olujolisiweyo, kunye nokudibanisa iziyobisi. Abathwali be-lipid abasekwe kwi-lipid, kubandakanya i-Holybre ye-Holymer kunye neZiyobisi ezisekwe kwiLipid, ziyaphuhliswa ukuze zisebenzele ukuhanjiswa kwenoveli kunye nokujonga izilangazelelo ezinxulumene nokuhlaselwa ngamachiza.
C. Inokubakho kumsebenzi wokusebenzisana komzi-mveliso kunye namathuba ophuhliso
Ukusebenza kwe-phospholipids zibonisa amathuba okusebenzisana komzi-mveliso kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso ezinobuchule kwindawo yokutya, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza. Ukusebenzisana komzi-mveliso kunokuququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, itekhnoloji, kwaye ezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwePspholiipps kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ubuchule kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa i-lipid ezivela kumzi-mveliso wamayeza zinokutshintshwa ukuba ziphucule uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezithako ezisebenzayo zeLipid ekutyeni nasekutyanisi.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuguqulela kokutya, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza akhokelela kuphuhliso lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezithetha impilo, impilo-ntle, kunye neemfuno zobuhle. Umzekelo, isondlo kunye neendlela ze-cosproceuticals ezibandakanya i-phospholipids zivela njengesiphumo sokusebenzisana komzi-mveliso, ukuhambisa izisombululo zempilo zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Le ntsebenziswano ikwangekhulisa amathuba okuphatha kunye namanyathelo ophuhliso ajolise ekuphoseni ama-connergies ezinokubakho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-noves zePhospholipids kwifomu yemveliso yezinto ezininzi.
VI. Ukuqukumbela
A. I-APCAP yokutshintsha kunye nokubaluleka kwePhosphelipids
Iphospholipids idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, inika uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ekutyeni, amayeza e-cosmetics, kunye namacandelo ngamachiza. Ulwakhiwo lwabo lweekhemikhali, olubandakanya imimandla ye-hydrophobic kunye ne-hydrophobic, iyenza ukuba basebenze njenge-EMULSSIFIRs, izilo zokuzinza, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa zezinto ezisebenzayo. Kwishishini lokutya, phosprelipid banegalelo kuzinzo kwaye zihlengahlengiswa kokutya okucwangcisiweyo, ngelixa zikwizithombisi, zibonelela nge-thestimeting, zibonelela nge-curiting, i-emollient, kunye nemveliso yokwandisa ipropathi ye-skercare. Ngapha koko, ishishini lamachiza amayeza phosphelippy kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa iziyobisi, ifomu ye-liposomal, kunye nokuzonwabisa kwamayeza ngenxa yokwandisa i-biaaasko yokuphucula ubufuzisi kunye neendawo ekujoliswe kuzo zesenzo.
B. IIMPENDULO ZOPHANDO LWEZIFUNDO ZEXESHA LOKUFUNDA NOKUGQIBELA
Njengoko uphando kwicandelo le-phospholipids luyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, kukho iimpembelelo ezininzi kwizifundo ezizayo nezicelo zemveliso. Okokuqala, uqhubele phambili kwokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye ne-cynelargies ezinokubakho phakathi kweePhospholiids kunye nezinye iiviwuni zingayivula indlela yokuphuhliswa kweemfuno zeNoves. Ukongeza, ukuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipids kumaqonga etekhnoloji evelayo, njenge-nanocarries, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-nanocarmer-polymer ye-nanoccurments ekwakheni kukutya, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza. Olu phando lunokukhokelela ekudalweni kweefom zemveliso ezintsha ezinikezela ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukusuka kwindawo yemizi-mveliso, ukubaluleka kwe-phospholipids kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphumeza okuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenzisana ngaphakathi nakuwo onke amashishini. Ngemfuno ekhulayo yezithako zendalo nezisebenzayo, ukudityaniswa kwe-phospholipids ekutyeni, i-cosmetics, kunye namayeza abonisa ithuba lokuphuhlisa umgangatho ophezulu, ozinzileyo ohambelana nokhetho lwabathengi. Ngaphaya koko, usetyenziso lwezemizi-mveliso ze-phospholipids lunokubandakanya ubuhlakani becandelo lecandelo, apho ulwazi kunye neetekhnoloji ezivela ekutyeni, iitekhnoloji, kunye nemizi yezamayeza ezibonelela ngempilo enobungozi kunye nezibonelelo zobuhle.
Ukuqukumbela, ukufezekiswa kwe-phospholipids kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ekutyeni, izithambisi, kunye namayeza enza ukuba zibe nezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezininzi. Izinto ezinokubakho kuzo zophando kunye nezicelo zemveliso zimisa indlela yokuqhubela phambili kwezinto eziqhubekayo kwizithako zokwahluka kwezinto ezininzi kunye neendlela ezintsha zokwenziwa, ukubumba umhlaba kwintengiso yehlabathi lonke.
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I-Post Time: Dec-27 ukuya ku-2003
