Iindaba - Imveliso yeVanillin yendalo evela kwiZibonelelo eziHlaziywayo

I.Intshayelelo

I-Vanillin yenye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhompawundi zencasa kwihlabathi.Ngokwemveli, ikhutshwe kwiimbotyi ze-vanilla, ezixabisa kakhulu kwaye zijongene nemingeni malunga nokuzinza kunye nobuthathaka bokubonelela.Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili kwi-biotechnology, ngakumbi kwintsimi ye-microbial biotransformation, ixesha elitsha lemveliso yendalo ye-vanillin iye yavela.Ukusebenzisa i-microorganisms kwinguqu yebhayoloji yezinto zendalo ekrwada ibonelele ngendlela enoqoqosho yokwenziwa kwe-vanillin.Le ndlela ayijongani kuphela neenkxalabo zozinzo kodwa ikwabonelela nezisombululo ezitsha kushishino lwencasa.Uphando olwenziwe yi-SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) lubonelele ngophononongo olubanzi lweendlela ze-eclectic kwi-biological synthesis ye-vanillin kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwicandelo lokutya, ishwankathela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-biological synthesis ye-vanillin evela kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo. izicelo kwishishini lokutya.

II.Uyifumana njani iVanillin yeNdalo kwiZibonelelo eziVuselelwayo

Ukusetyenziswa kweFerulic Acid njengeSubstrate

I-asidi ye-Ferulic, ephuma kwimithombo efana ne-rice bran kunye ne-oat bran, ibonisa ukufana kwesakhiwo kwi-vanillin kwaye isebenza njenge-precursor substrate esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-vanillin.Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezifana nePseudomonas, Aspergillus, Streptomyces, kunye nefungi zisetyenziselwe ukuveliswa kwevanillin kwi-ferulic acid.Ngokucacileyo, iintlobo ezifana ne-Amycolatopsis kunye ne-White-rot fungi zichongiwe njengabaviwa abanokuthi bavelise i-vanillin kwi-asidi ye-ferulic.Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaphanda ukuveliswa kwe-vanillin kwi-asidi ye-ferulic usebenzisa i-microorganisms, iindlela ze-enzymatic, kunye neenkqubo ezingenakunyakaziswa, ezigxininisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokubakho kwale ndlela.

I-enzymatic synthesis ye-vanillin esuka kwi-asidi ye-ferulic ibandakanya i-enzyme engundoqo i-feruloyl esterase, eyenza i-hydrolysis ye-ester bond kwi-asidi ye-ferulic, ukukhulula i-vanillin kunye nezinye iimveliso ezihambelanayo.Ngokuphonononga elona nani lilungileyo le-vanillin biosynthetic enzymes kwiinkqubo ezingenaziseli, abaphandi baye baphuhlisa i-recombinant ephuculweyo ye-Escherichia coli strain ekwazi ukuguqula i-ferulic acid (20mM) ibe yi-vanillin (15mM).Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microbial cell immobilization ifumene ingqwalasela ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo egqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.Indlela entsha yokunyanzeliswa kwemveliso ye-vanillin evela kwi-asidi ye-ferulic iye yaphuhliswa, isusa imfuno yee-coenzymes.Le ndlela ibandakanya i-coenzyme-independent decarboxylase kunye ne-coenzyme-independent oxygenase ejongene nokuguqulwa kwe-ferulic acid kwi-vanillin.I-co-immobilization ye-FDC kunye ne-CSO2 yenza ukuveliswa kwe-2.5 mg ye-vanillin esuka kwi-asidi ye-ferulic kwimijikelo elishumi yokusabela, ephawula umzekelo wobuvulindlela wemveliso ye-vanillin ngokusebenzisa i-biotechnology ye-enzyme immobilized.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Eugenol/Isoeugenol njengeSubstrate

I-Eugenol kunye ne-isoeugenol, xa iphantsi kwe-bioconversion, ivelisa i-vanillin kunye ne-metabolites ehambelana nayo, efunyenwe ukuba inezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nexabiso elibalulekileyo lezoqoqosho.Uphononongo oluninzi luye lwaphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe-microorganisms eguqulwe ngokwemfuza kunye nendalo yendalo ukwenza i-vanillin kwi-eugenol.Amandla okutshatyalaliswa kwe-eugenol kuye kwabonwa kwiibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo kunye nefungi, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwiBacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, kunye neRhodococcus, ebonisa amandla abo kwimveliso ye-vanillin ephuma kwi-eugenol.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-eugenol oxidase (EUGO) njenge-enzyme yokuvelisa i-vanillin kwindawo yoshishino ibonise amandla amakhulu.I-EUGO ibonisa uzinzo kunye nomsebenzi ngaphaya koluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, kunye ne-EUGO enyibilikayo eyandisa umsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula.Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-EUGO engenakunyakaziswa kuvumela ukubuyiswa kwe-biocatalyst ukuya kwi-18 ye-reaction cycle, ekhokelela ekunyuseni okungaphezulu kwe-12 kwisivuno se-biocatalyst.Ngokufanayo, i-enzyme engenakunyakaziswa i-CSO2 inokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-isoeugenol ibe yi-vanillin ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwi-coenzymes.

Ezinye iiSubstrates

Ukongeza kwi-asidi ye-ferulic kunye ne-eugenol, ezinye iikhompawundi ezifana ne-vanillic acid kunye ne-C6-C3 phenylpropanoids ziye zachongwa njengama-substrates anokuthi avelise i-vanillin.I-Vanillic acid, eveliswa njengemveliso ye-lignin degradation okanye njengenxalenye ekhuphisanayo kwiindlela ze-metabolic, ithathwa njengephambili ephambili yokuveliswa kwe-vanillin ye-bio-based.Ngaphaya koko, ukubonelela ngengqiqo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-C6-C3 phenylpropanoids ye-vanillin synthesis inika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokuzinza kunye ne-innovative innovation innovation.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo ehlaziyekayo kwimveliso ye-vanillin yendalo ngokusebenzisa i-microbial biotransformation luphuhliso olubalulekileyo kwishishini lencasa.Le ndlela inikezela ngenye indlela, indlela ezinzileyo yokuveliswa kwe-vanillin, ukujongana neenkxalabo ezizinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwiindlela zemveli zokukhutshwa.Izicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho le-vanillin kulo lonke ishishini lokutya ligxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka kophando kunye nophuhliso kule ndawo.Inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo kwimveliso ye-vanillin yendalo inamandla okuguqula imveliso yencasa, ibonelela ngeendlela ezizinzileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly zokutshintsha incasa.Njengoko siqhubeka nokusebenzisa amandla emithombo ehlaziyekayo kunye nenkqubela phambili yebhayoloji, ukuveliswa kwevanillin yendalo evela kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo kuzisa indlela ethembisayo yokusungula incasa ezinzileyo.

III.Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ukuvelisa i-vanillin yendalo

Indawo intle:Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana nezityalo kunye nenkunkuma ye-biomass ukuvelisa i-vanillin kunokunciphisa imfuno yamafutha e-fossil, ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi kwindalo, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.

Uzinzo:Ukusebenzisa izibonelelo ezivuselelekayo kwenza unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwamandla kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukunceda ukukhusela imithombo yendalo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezizukulwana ezizayo.

Ukhuselo lweBiodiversity:Ngokusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kobutyebi obunokuhlaziywa, izibonelelo zezityalo zasendle zinokukhuselwa, nto leyo enegalelo ekukhuselweni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokugcinwa kolungelelwaniso lwendalo.

Umgangatho wemveliso:Xa kuthelekiswa ne-vanillin yokwenziwa, i-vanillin yendalo inokuba neenzuzo ezininzi kumgangatho wephunga kunye neempawu zendalo, eziza kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho we-flavour kunye nemveliso yevumba.

Nciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili:Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo ehlaziyekayo kunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili anqabileyo, aluncedo kukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokwahluka kwesakhiwo samandla.Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lungentla lunokuyiphendula imibuzo yakho.Ukuba ufuna uxwebhu lwereferensi ngesiNgesi, nceda undazise ukuze ndikunikeze lona.

IV.Ukuqukumbela

Amandla okusebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ukuvelisa i-vanillin yendalo njengendlela ezinzileyo kunye neyokusingqongileyo ibalulekile.Le ndlela inesithembiso ekujonganeni nemfuno ekhulayo ye-vanillin yendalo ngelixa inciphisa ukuthembela kwiindlela zokwenziwa kwemveliso.

I-vanillin yendalo ibambe indawo ebalulekileyo kushishino lwencasa, exatyiswa ngenxa yevumba layo elibonakalayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo njengearhente yokuqhola kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo.Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kwe-vanillin yendalo njengesithako esifunwayo kumashishini okutya, isiselo, kunye nephunga elimnandi ngenxa yeprofayili yayo ephezulu kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi kwiincasa zendalo.

Ngaphaya koko, intsimi yemveliso ye-vanillin yendalo inika amathuba amaninzi ophando nophuhliso.Oku kubandakanya ukuhlola ubugcisa obutsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kokuvelisa i-vanillin yendalo evela kwimithombo evuselelekayo.Ukongeza, uphuhliso lweendlela zokuvelisa ezinokwehla kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa okubanzi kwe-vanillin yendalo njengendlela ezinzileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly kwishishini lencasa.